M1U4: DIRECTING AND SUPERVISING THE LABORATORY Flashcards
most visible of all management functions
directing
implies overseeing the work of subordinated by their subordinates by their superiors
supervising
includes seeing that the day-to-day tasks necessary to ensure a smooth running facility are done
directing
it is the act of watching and directing work and workers
supervising
is the human factor stage (both leadership and managerial skills come to the forefront)
directing
__ involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling
management
____ deals with influence
leadership
Social psychologist ___ first described his famous management system, based upon his observations of employee-manager relationships in organizational settings
Rensis Likert
Four management systems as identified by Likert were
exploitative authoritative
benevolent authoritative
consultative
participative
___ systems are extremely hierarchical, with power and responsibility lying at higher levels within the organization
exploitative authoritative
in exploitative authoritative communications is delivered ___
top-down
Higher management considers themselves responsible for achieving organizational objective but will hold employees responsible for any mistakes that are made at lower levels
exploitative authoritative
in a ___ responsibility also lies at the upper echelons of the organization. However, instead of inducing performance through the threat of punishment, employees are instead motivated through a reward system.
benevolent authoritative
Decision-making is extended to middle-managerial levels
benevolent authoritative
More trust towards employees, though somewhat condescendingly
benevolent authoritative
Employees may engage in counter-productive behaviour
exploitative authoritative
In ___ managers have yet greater trust in their subordinates and demonstrate as such by implementing ideas or beliefs that they share with their team members
Consultative system
There is an open level of communication throughout the hierarchy of the organization and team members are often consulted during the decision-making process
consultative
Employee motivation is fueled by incentives, including both rewards and the possibility of involvement or even responsibility for specific tasks.
consultative
employees discuss job-related issues horizontally, and sometimes vertically
consultative
Liker considered the ___ to be the most satisfying for lower-level employees
participative
rewards are common, and teams are happily cooperative with no direct competition between employees
participative
This system is generally more common in flatter organizations, or those which are smaller with lower tiers of the hierarchy, though it can be employed within any company
participative
___ are the set of actions or guiding beliefs that leaders can implement to move them toward success
leadership principles
