M14: Taste, Smell, and the Ear

Question 1

How many special senses are there? Name them.

Answer 1

There are 5 special senses:

• Olfaction
• Gustation
• Vision
• Equilibrium
• Hearing

Question 2

Approximately how many different chemicals can the olfactory system distinguish (in humans)? (Multiple Choice)

a) 500 to 750
b) 1,000 to 1,500
c) 2000 to 4000
d) 6000 to 8000
e) 10,000 to 12,000

Answer 2

The olfactory system can distinguish between 2000 to 4000 different chemicals

(Source: class material)

Question 3

Approximately how many olfactory receptors are packed into an area that is roughly the size of 5cm squared (5cm^2)?

a) 2000 to 4000
b) 10,000 to 20,000
c) 100,000 to 200,000
d) 1 million to 2 million
e) 10 million to 20 million

Answer 3

Approximately 10 million to 20 million olfactory receptors are packed into an area that is roughly the size of 5cm squared.

Question 4

What are lingual papillae?

Answer 4

Taste receptors

Question 5

What three areas of the oral cavity do taste receptors lie?

And which one of these is the primary taste receptor site, and by the time we reach adulthood is almost soley the receptor site?

Answer 5

• Tongue - primary taste receptor site
• Larynx
• Pharynx

Question 6

What are the three types of lingual papillae?

Answer 6

Filiform

Fungiform

Circumvallate

Recall lingual papillae are “taste receptors”

Question 7

What is the function of filiform?

Answer 7

Provide friction that helps the tongue move food around the oral cavity.

Note: Although it is considered a “taste receptor”, it DOES NOT provide sensation of taste like the other types.

Question 8

The circumvallate is responsible for sensing what taste/flavor?

Answer 8

bitter

Question 9

Which type of lingual papillae is associated with the ducts of Von Ebner’s glands, which is connected to the gag reflex?

(Multiple Choice)

a) Filiform
b) Circumvallate
c) Fungiform

Answer 9

Circumvallate

Question 10

True or False: there are not many taste buds in the middle of the tongue

Answer 10

true, there are not many taste buds in the middle of the tongue

Question 11

What type of lingual papillae present at the back of the oral part of the tongue and are arranged in a circular pattern consistong fof only about 10 to 14 of these pipillae?

(Multiple Choice)

• fungiform
• circumvallate
• filiform

Answer 11

Cirumvallate

Question 12

Which type of lingual pipillae are present mostly at the apex (tip) of the tongue, as well as at the sides?

Answer 12

Fungiform

Question 13

What are the primary tastes/flavors located for each region of the tongue?

back of tongue = ?

sides of tongue = ?

front/tip of tongue = ?

Answer 13

back of tongue = bitter

sides of tongue = sour

front/tip of tongue = salty/sweet

Question 14

The fungiform are innervated by the _________ nerve.

The circumvallate are innervated by the ___________ nerve.

Answer 14

The fungiform are innervated by the facial nerves nerve.

The circumvallate are innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Question 15

What are the functions of the ear?

Answer 15

Hearing

Equilibrium / Balance

Question 17

Are all of the following structures located in either the external, middle, or inner part of the ear?

• horizontal semicircular canal
• superior semicircular canal (aka anterior semicircular canal)
• posterior semicircular canal
• cochlea
• vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 17

inner ear

Question 18

What is the function of the cochlea?

Answer 18

The cochlea allows us to receive sensory information and translate it to hearing.

Question 19

(Fill-in-the-blank)

• the horizontal canal detects horizontal head movements (such as when doing a pirouette),
• while the superior and posterior canals detect _______ head movements.

Answer 19

the horizontal canal detects horizontal head movements (such as when doing a pirouette), while the superior and posterior canals detect verticle head movements.

Question 20

What is the function of the auditory ossicles?

Answer 20

The auditory Ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes) are responsible for taking sound waves and converting them into mechanical movements.

Question 21

What are the three bones that make up the auditory ossicles?

Answer 21

• Malleus (“hammer”)
• Incus (“anvil”)
• Stapes (“stirrup”)

Question 22

What is the function of the eustachian tube?

Answer 22

The eustachian tube is meant to help regulate pressure inside the ear.

Question 25

What is the outer layer (cartilage) of the ear called?

Answer 25

the pinna

Question 26

What is a function of the pinna?

Answer 26

“helps funnel sound”

Question 27

What part of the ear contains ceruminous glands that secretes a waxy substance for protection called cerumen?

Answer 27

external ear

cerumen is ear wax

Question 28

The process of smell is carried out by the nasal cavity containing thousands of receptors. With each inhalation the body filters approximately ___% of the air.

Answer 28

The process of smell is carried out by the nasal cavity containing thousands of receptors. With each inhalation the body filters approximately 2% of the air.

Source: class material

Question 29

What parts of the ear include the external ear?

Answer 29

contains the pinna and the external acoustic meatus and stops at the tympanic membrane. Cntains ceruminous glands that secrete cerumen (ear wax)

Question 30

The sensation of equilibrium is provided by the _____ ______ which contains the following.

• Semicircular Canals or Ducts
• Utricle
• Saccule

Answer 30

vestibular complex

Question 31

The senses of equilibrium and hearing are provided by receptors in the _____ ear.

Answer 31

The senses of equilibrium and hearing are provided by receptors in the inner ear.

Question 32

How many semisircular canals are there? Name them

Answer 32

There are three semisircular canals:

• horizontal semicircular canal
• superior (aka anterior) semicircular canal
• posterior semicircular canal