M11.8 Flashcards
Number of portable fire extinguisher needed
7 to 30 1
31 to 60 2
61 to 200 3
201 to 300 4
301 to 400 5
401 to 500 6
501 to 600 7
601 or more 8
What are the 2 types of halon and what classes of fire
Halon 1301 CBrF3 total flooding agent, mostly gas so it can get into tight spaces
Halon 1211 CBrCIF2 streaming agent. Handheld mostly liquid
Class A, B C
What are the current halon replacements
HCFC Blend B
HFC-227ea
HFC-236fa
What are the different extigashing agents and the fires they are appropriate for
Water – Class A
Carbon dioxide (CO2) – Class B or C
Dry chemicals – Class A, B, or C
Halons – Class A, B, or C
Halocarbon clean agents – Class A, B, or C
Specialised dry powder – Class D
What fire extinguisher are not suitable for cabin and cockpit
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry chemicals
Specialised dry powder, suitable for use in ground operations
What is a Class A fire compartment
They provide for visual detection of smoke
They are accessible in flight.
There is a fire extinguisher available.
Like small cargo compartments, cockpit and cabin
What is a class D compartment
Class D is no longer used. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a rule change on 18th March 1998 that mandates the conversion of all Class D compartments to Class C or Class E compartments by installing smoke-detection systems, fire-suppression systems, or both.
What is a class E compartment
separate system of an approved type of smoke or fire detector.
Means provided to shut off the ventilating airflow to or within the compartment. Controls for such means shall be accessible to the flight crew from within the flight deck.
exclude hazardous quantities of smoke, flames, or noxious gases from entering the flight deck.
flight crew emergency exits
Main deck of a cargo aircraft
What is a class B compartment
Sufficient access during flight for a crew member to reach all part with a fire extinguisher
No were for hazodus fumes to escape
Must have separate alarms visible from cockpit
Hand fire extinguisher must be available
Combi aircraft
What is a class c compartment?
Separate fire detector system to give warning to the flight crew.
approved built-in fire extinguishing system
means is provided to exclude hazardous quantities of smoke, flames, or other noxious gases from entering any compartment occupied by the flight crew or passengers.
Ventilation and draughts are controlled within each compartment so that the extinguishing agent used can control any fire likely to occur in the compartment.
Under floor cargo compartment of wide body
CO2
available on the ramp to extinguish fires on the exterior of the aircraft, such as engine or Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) fires.
used to extinguish flammable fluid and electrical fires as it is non-combustible and does not react with most substances.
CO2 is about 1½ times as heavy as air, which gives it the ability to replace air above the burning surface and maintain a smothering effect
CO2 extinguishers in confined spaces may cause the user to suffer from lack of oxygen
What ata chapter is fire protection
ATA chapter 26
What are the designated zones the have fixed fire detection systems on aircraft?
Engines and Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
Baggage and cargo compartments (forward and aft)
Lavatories
Electrical/electronic equipment compartments
Wheel wells (undercarriage bays)
Bleed air ducts
What are the fire detection systems of large aircraft
Rate-of-temperature-rise detectors
Radiation sensing detectors
Smoke detectors
Overheat detectors
Carbon monoxide detectors
Combustible mixture detectors
Optical detectors
Observation by flight/cabin crew or passengers
What are the methods of fire detection on reciprocating engines and small turboprop aircraft
Overheat detectors
Rate-of-temperature-rise detectors
Flame detectors
Observation by crew members
What are the three most common types of fire detection systems
Thermal switches
Thermocouples
Continuous loop sensing elements
What is a thermal switch system
A thermal switch system has one or more lights energised by the aircraft power system and thermal switches that control the operation of the light(s)
thermal switches are heat-sensitive units that complete electrical circuits at a certain temperature
These are connected to lights
Some warning lights have a push-to-test switch. The bulb is tested by pushing it in to check an auxiliary test circuit. There is a test relay for this
What are the three circuits in a thermocouple system?
Fire protection
Detector circuit
Alarm circuit
Test circuit
What is the disadvantages thermocouple system?
Fire protection
A thermocouple depends on the rate of temperature change and does not give a warning when an engine slowly overheats or a short circuit develops.
What is a thermocouple
thermocouple is constructed of two dissimilar metals, such as chromel and constantan (copper-nickel alloy). The point at which these metals are joined and exposed to the heat of a fire is called a hot junction.
Why is a thermocouple system?
Fire protection
he thermocouple fire warning system operates on an entirely different principle from that of the thermal switch system. A thermocouple depends on the rate of temperature change
The system consists of a relay box, warning lights, and thermocouples.
How is a thermocouple system tested?
passes a current through a heater around the thermocouple in the thermal test unit. Its output will cause the system to operate. The test checks the continuity of the circuit and is usually the only test applied to these systems.
What are the categories and types of continuous loop systems
Thermistor type detectors, Kidde and Fenwal systems.
Pneumatic pressure detectors, known by their manufacturer names - Lingberg system (Systron-Donner) and Meggitt Safety Systems. Both systems operate in the same way.
What is the structure of the Fenway loop system?
The Fenwal system uses an Inconel tube which contains a thermally sensitive eutectic salt and a nickel wire centre conductor. Various lengths of these sensing elements are connected in series to a control unit with the same or different temperature settings.
