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M11 > M11.1 > Flashcards

M11.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of axis acting on a aircraft?

A
  • lateral axis
  • longitudinal axis
  • vertical axis
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2
Q

What axis does pitch control?

A

The Lateral axis

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3
Q

What axis does roll control?

A

The longitudinal axis

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4
Q

What axis does yaw control?

A

Vertical axis

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5
Q

What is a primary flight control?

A

They’re flying controls that control the aircraft safely

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6
Q

What can be added to a larger aircraft to increase the efficiency of alieron flying control surfaces?

A

Roll spoilers

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7
Q

What is a secondary flight control?

A

They’re flying controls that help the performance characteristics or to relieve control loading

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8
Q

Which side will roll spoilers extend?

A

The side with upward aileron deflection

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9
Q

What is aileron lock out?

A

When the outboard ailerons remain locked down at high speeds

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10
Q

What is a stabiliser also known as?

A

An all-moving tail

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11
Q

What is a canard?

A

It is a fuselage mounted, horizontal surface that is located forward of the main wing to provide longitudinal stability and control

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12
Q

What are the two types of canard?

A
  • lifting canard

- control canard

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13
Q

What is the job of a lifting canard?

A

To generate an upload or positive lift

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14
Q

What is the job of a control canard?

A

To help control pitch during manoeuvring

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15
Q

How far is the rudder allowed to move at speeds up to 150 knots?

A

30’

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16
Q

How far is the rudder allowed to move at speeds up to 150-200 knots?

A

15’

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17
Q

How far is the rudder allowed to move at speeds up to 200 knots?

A

5.7’

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18
Q

What is a ruddervator?

A

A combination between a rudder and a elevator

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19
Q

What is an elevon?

A

A combination of elevators and ailerons

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20
Q

Where can elevons be found?

A

On delta wing aircraft

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21
Q

What are the two types of lift devices?

A

Slats on the leading edge and flaps on the trailing edge

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22
Q

What are the two types of drag devices?

A

Speed brakes and spoilers

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23
Q

What is an flaperon?

A

A combination between flaps and ailerons that work symmetrically

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24
Q

What percentage does a fowler flap increase lift by?

A

95%

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25
Q

What percentage does a plain flap increase lift by?

A

55%

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26
Q

What percentage does split edge flap increase lift by?

A

65%

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27
Q

What percentage does slotted flaps increase lift by?

A

70%

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28
Q

What percentage does a slat increase lift by?

A

35%

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29
Q

Where are the air brakes located on an aircraft?

A

Anywhere the aircraft structure can take the heavy air-loads

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30
Q

What is span wise flow?

A

When boundary layers head towards the wing tips (especially at low speeds with a high angle of attack)

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31
Q

What is used to reduce span wise flow?

A

Wing fences

32
Q

What has the same effect of wing fences?

A

Saw tooth leading edge

33
Q

What is the job of a vortex generator?

A

To help increase lift by re-energising the boundary layer

34
Q

What is a stall wedge?

A

A fixed device on the leading edge that modifies aerodynamics

35
Q

What are stall wedges made out of?

A

Aluminium

36
Q

How big are stall wedges?

A

6-12inches in a triangle cross section

37
Q

What is the job of stall wedge?

A

At high angles of attack to stall at the root before the critical stall angle is reached

38
Q

Why are trim systems used?

A

To keep the aircraft balanced

39
Q

Which company uses side stick flying inputs?

A

Airbus

40
Q

What is used to control the speed brakes?

A

The speed brake lever on the cockpit pedestal

41
Q

What is used to control the slats and flaps

A

The flap lever on the cockpit pedestal

42
Q

What is the job of a horn balance?

A

To go into the wind and help the turn of the flying control

43
Q

Where is a balance tab located?

A

The trailing edge of a flap

44
Q

Which direction will a balance tab go?

A

The opposite direction of the control surface

45
Q

How does a balance panel work?

A

It separates the slot of the control surface into two and uses the change of static pressure to help balance

46
Q

What is the purpose of a anti balance tab?

A

To increase the effectiveness of the flying control but takes more effort to deflect it

47
Q

What is a trim tab?

A

It is a tab on the trailing edge of the flying control that automatically changes to help with balance

48
Q

In dry air at 20C, how fast is the speed of sound?

A

343.2mps

49
Q

How fast does speed travel through gases, liquids, solids?

A
  • slowly in gases
  • medium in liquids
  • fast in solids
50
Q

What are the three speed regions?

A
  • subsonic
  • transonic
  • supersonic
51
Q

How fast is subsonic?

A

Below the speed of sound

52
Q

How fast is transonic?

A

Some speeds around the aircraft are below and some are above the speed of sound

53
Q

How fast is supersonic?

A

Higher than the speed of sound

54
Q

How does a pressure field affect the sound waves on a leading edge during flight?

A

If the aircraft is subsonic then the sound waves can move out the way. If the aircraft is supersonic they can’t move out the way

55
Q

How is the Mach number figured out?

A

Aircraft speed divided by the speed of sound

56
Q

What is the critical Mach number?

A

It is the highest Mach number we can have without supersonic flow (boundary layer between subsonic and transonic)

57
Q

What is a shock wave?

A

A concentration of pressure waves

58
Q

When does a normal shock wave take place?

A

At Mach 1.2

59
Q

What does a normal shock wave create?

A

A large increase in static pressure behind the wave

60
Q

When would a bow wave form?

A

When the flight speed of the leading edge exceeds the speed of sound

61
Q

What is wave drag?

A

Total drag which is due to shock waves

62
Q

What do shock waves turn useful energy into?

A

Heat energy

63
Q

What affect does swept wings have on the time that air is on the wings?

A

The air is on the wing for longer

64
Q

What angle are most modern aircraft swept back?

A

30 degrees

65
Q

Why are wings swept back?

A

To reduce thickness but increase critical Mach number

66
Q

What is the advantage of having a variable sweep angle?

A

You can get the best performance at high or low speeds

67
Q

What type of profile do most aircraft use today?

A

Transonic profile

68
Q

What is a transonic profile also known as?

A

Rear loaded wing (due to the high static energy at the lower back)

69
Q

What is used to prevent the tuck under effect?

A

The horizontal stabiliser (also known as Mach trim system)

70
Q

What happens to the elevators during transonic?

A

There operations have the opposite effect to normal

71
Q

What do shockwaves do to energy?

A

They turn useful energy into wasted heat energy

72
Q

What are the differenttypes of waves?

A
  • normal shock waves
  • oblique shock waves
  • expansion waves
73
Q

Where do normal shock waves form?

A

In front of the object

74
Q

Where do oblique shock waves form?

A

Where supersonic air turns into a new flow direction

75
Q

How fast must air be before it enters the compressor stage of an engine?

A

Subsonic velocity

76
Q

What also increases with Mach number?

A

Friction temperature

77
Q

What percentage of strength does aluminium alloy lose at 250C?

A

80%

M11 (4 decks)

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