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M11 > M11.1 > Flashcards

M11.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is also known as a primary control surface on large aircraft to help assist in roll

A

Roll spoilers

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2
Q

What are the two different kinds of canards

A

Lifting and control

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3
Q

What is an advantage of the V tail

A

Weight saving because no additional control surface is needed

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the slats and the flaps

A

Produce lift for low speed flight

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5
Q

What is used to move the slats and the flaps

A

The flap lever

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6
Q

Nose up/nose down around what axis

A

Lateral

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7
Q

Roll wing up and wing down around which axis

A

Longitudinal axis

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8
Q

Yaw nose left nose right around which axis

A

Vertical axis

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9
Q

What is the stabiliser also known as

A

The all moving tail

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10
Q

What are the two types of canards

A

Lift and control

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11
Q

What is the advantage of the v tail

A

Saving weight because no vertical stabiliser is needed

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of the v tail

A

No full deflections both ways can be achieved

More complicated

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13
Q

What is pitch trim achieved by

A

THS

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14
Q

Which way does the balance tab move compared to the control surface

A

The opposite way

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15
Q

Which way does an anti balance tab deflect

A

The same direction as the control surface

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16
Q

How much does the fowler flap increase lift by

A

95%

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17
Q

What are wing fences used for

A

To combat span-wise flow

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18
Q

What is a vortex generator used for

A

Improve boundary layer control

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19
Q

In what region is the air said to be incompressible

A

Subsonic

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20
Q

In which region is the air compressible

A

Supersonic

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21
Q

What speeds are subsonic

A

0.8 Mach and below

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22
Q

What are the regions of transonic

A

0.8 and 1.2

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23
Q

What is supersonic speed

A

1.2 and 5

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24
Q

What is Mach number

A

Aircraft speed divided by speed of sound

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25
Q

What is the critical Mach number

A

The highest speed possible with out going supersonic

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26
Q

What speed does a normal shock wave take place

A

Mach 1.2

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27
Q

What are the characteristics of a transonic profile

A
  • Flatter upper surface
  • More curved leading edge
  • Thinner trailing edge
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28
Q

What are the two main types of waves formed during supersonic flow

A
  • Shock waves
  • Expansion waves
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29
Q

What are the 3 axis of motion

A
  • Lateral
  • Longitudinal
  • Vertical
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30
Q

What flying controls move around the lateral axis

A

Elevators

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31
Q

What is meant by aileron lockout

A

Outboard ailerons become inactive in high speed flight

32
Q

What are the advantages of a V tail

A

No need for horizontal stab so saves weight

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of a V tail

A
  • Less stability
  • Adjustment is complicated
  • no full rudder or elevator deflection at the same time
  • Needs larger surface area
34
Q

What are the secondary flight controls

A

Lift devices and trim systems

35
Q

What lift device gives the maximum increase in lift

A

Fowler flap

36
Q

What are trim systems used for

A

Compensate for imbalance in the aircraft

37
Q

How do vortex generators reduce wave drag

A

They produce a vortex that transferres energy from the free air stream to the boundary layer

38
Q

What are the 3 types of balance that are used on flying controls

A
  • Balance tab
  • Anti balance tab
  • Balance panel
39
Q

Does the balance tab aid the pilot

A

Yes

40
Q

What is an anti balance tab

A

Moves in the same direction as the control surface but harder for the pilot

41
Q

What part of air changes with the onset of transonic flight

A

Compressibility

42
Q

What is Mach number

A

Speed of aircraft compared to speed of sound

43
Q

What is the critical Mach no

A

Highest aircraft speed before hitting Mach 1

44
Q

What design delays Mach crit

A

Swept back wings

45
Q

Where does supersonic flow first occur on an airfoil

A

On top of the wing

46
Q

What happens to air velocity in expansion waves

A

Increases

47
Q

Why does flow separation occur behind a shockwave

A

The boundary layer doesn’t have enough kinetic energy to withstand the large increase in static pressure

48
Q

When does a bow wave form on the leading edge

A

When flight speed exceeds the speed of sound

49
Q

What drag increases due to the use of vortex generators

A

Parasitic drag

50
Q

Which wing is known as the rear loaded with

A

Transonic

51
Q

What are the possible advantages of the rear loaded wing

A
  • Performs well within the transonic range
  • Less drag
  • Smaller wing
  • Better low speed characteristics
52
Q

How is tuck under avoided on modern aircraft

A

Horizontal stabiliser - Mach trim

53
Q

What are the two type of aerofoils that form on supersonic profiles

A

Normal and oblique

54
Q

Which type of shock wave causes an increase in the velocity of airflow

A

Expansion wave

55
Q

How does a vortex generator re energise and boundary layer

A

It takes high energy from the outside and mixes it with low energy air from the inside

56
Q

What would be the effect on the aircraft with the slats are selected out

A

Increased lift, decrease angle of attack, increase drag

57
Q

When would the boundary layer separate from the serif oil section

A

When the normal shock wave forms

58
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of anti balance tabs

A

Advantage - increase efficiently of control surface
Disadvantage - more effort is required to move control surface

59
Q

What detrimental effect does aerodynamic heating have on metals

A

Loses its strength. 80% with ally if temp above 250 degrees

60
Q

What is the point at which airflow over a wing is at its maximum but below the speed of sound

A

Critical Mach point

61
Q

What is the normal sweep angle on modern aircraft

A

30 degrees

62
Q

What is formed at a supersonic intake to ensure good airflow to the engine

A

Oblique shock wave

63
Q

There is a large increase in what behind the shock wave on an airfoil section

A

Static pressure

64
Q

What are the differences between normal wing profile and a transonic profile

A

Transonic wing has flatter upper surface, more curved leading edge and thinner trailing edge

65
Q

What is monocoque construction

A

Frames formers and bulkheads with skin carrying the primary stress

66
Q

What is a semi monocoque construction

A

Same as monocoque but with longitudinal members reinforcing the shell

67
Q

What is safe life

A

The period in which failure is unlikely

68
Q

What 3 surface treatment techniques are used on aluminium

A
  • anodising
  • chemical conversion coating
  • wash primer
69
Q

What is a body station

A

Vertical plane right angle to the body centreline

70
Q

What is a waterline

A

Horizontal plane at right angle to the body stations

71
Q

What is bbl short for

A

Body buttock line

72
Q

What are the purpose of frames

A

Structural support and to attach other things to

73
Q

What are the purpose of stringers

A

Some structural support but mainly give shape and attachment points for the skin

74
Q

What are the purpose of floor beams in aircraft structure

A

Carry tension loads during pressurisation

75
Q

What spacing is normally used between frames

A

20 inches

76
Q

At production breaks how are stringers attached together

A

Stringer splices

77
Q

What shape clips can be used to attach stringers to frames

A

T shaped

M11 (12 decks)

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