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S2 1533 > M11 Cognition > Flashcards

M11 Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

Haldol does not work for

A

Elderly with dementia

Has opposite effect

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2
Q

Med good for hyperactive delirium

A

Haldol

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3
Q

Beers list

A

Meds contraindicated in elderly

Also has alternatives

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4
Q

Delirium assessment

A

Confusion assessment model tool
CAM
Can be done without an order

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5
Q

Mini COG assessment

A

Alzheimer

Can be done without orders

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6
Q

MMSE

A

Mini Mental State Examination

Assesses cognitive performance in elderly

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7
Q

Cognition in elderly may be affected by

A 
Sensory impairment
Physiologic health
Environment 
Sleep
Psychosocial influence
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8
Q

Fluid intelligence and age

A

Declines

usually due to circulatory or nervous disorders

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9
Q

Crystalized intelligence and age

A

Remains intact

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10
Q

Delirium

A

Acute confused state

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11
Q

Delirium can lead to

A

Changes in level of consciousness

Irreversible brain damage

Death

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12
Q

Delirium symptoms

A

Stupor - hypoactive

Excessive activity - hyperactive

Disorganized thinking

Short attention

Hallucinations, delusion, fear, anxiety, paranoia

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13
Q

Dementia symptoms are

where as delirium symptoms are

A

long term onset

acute onset

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14
Q

Because of unknown underlying causes, delirium is considered a

A

Medical Emergency

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15
Q

Delirium prevention

A 
Reorienting
Early Mobilization
Pain control
Good sleep
Enhance communication methods (hearing aids, glasses)
O2 levels
Hydration
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16
Q

Delirium treatment

A

Fall prevention

Discontinue none essential meds

Monitor Nutrition and Fluids

Familiar environment ques like fam interaction

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17
Q

Dementia is

most common dementia

A

General decline in higher brain function

AD

18
Q

Alzheimer Disease

AD

A

6th leading cause of death in

progressive degenerative neurologic disease

19
Q

AD occurs in people over

A

65y/o

20
Q

Patho of AD

A

Neurofibrillary tangles - nonfunctional neurons

Neurotic plagues - deposits of amyloid protein in the brain

21
Q

What neurotransmitter is particularly affected by AD

A

Acetylcholine

22
Q

Stages of AD

A

Preclinical - minor forgetfulness, small difficulties

Mild Cognitive - Noticeable mild changes that can be measured

Dementia due to Alzheimer’s - Significant impairment of thinking, behavior and functioning independently

23
Q

Reality orientation

With AD

A

Who and where a person is in a time continuum

Will only WORSER mental state of AD patient due to increased anxiety

24
Q

Diagnosis of AD

A

True diagnosis only after death

CBC
CT
MRI
MMSE 
to rule out other possibilities
25
Q

Meds for AD

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Donepezil
Rivastigmine

WILL NOT CURE

26
Q

Nurses roles in AD

Supporting Cognitive Function

A

Calm predictable routine

Simple explanations

Memory aids

Physical and verbal stimulation

Clock/calendar display

27
Q

Nursing roles in AD

Promoting physical safety

A

Rails, lighting, secure doors leading outside,

28
Q

Nursing roles in AD

Promotion of independence

A

Make short organized achievable goals to promote autonomy

29
Q

Nursing roles in AD

Anxiety reduction

A

Keep environment constant and calm

Delaying activity until patient is calm is appropriate

30
Q

Nursing roles in AD

Improve Communication

Provide Socialization

A

use clear and concise messages, reduce noise

support visits, letters, phone calls, hobbies etc.

31
Q

Nursing roles in AD

Nutrition

Activity and rest

A

cueing to encourage adequate nutrition and hydration. Small pieces, not too hot.

Music, warm milk or other que for sleep
Encourage exercise during day

32
Q

Nursing roles in AD

Neglect/abuse

A

Report all suspected abuse

Nurses job is to report, not to prove

33
Q

In AD damage is caused by a substance called

A

Amyloid

34
Q

3 parts of AD brain tissue damage

A

Neurofibrillary tangles
Neurotic plaque
Granulovacuolar degeneration

35
Q

AD Risk factors

A 
Aging
Low education
Down Syndrome
Smoking
Fam hist
Insulin resistance
Dyslipidemia
36
Q

With AD Depression is present in _ stages

A

Early

37
Q

Early AD symptom

A

Impaired sense of smell

38
Q

Diagnosing AD is done by exclusion, meaning

A

Tests are performed to rule other things out

39
Q

Diagnostics for AD

A

Electroencephalography

Neuropsychological tests

40
Q

AD PTs should avoid what consumable

A

Coffee-containing foods

Coffee tea cola chocolate

41
Q

Meds that help preserve memory

A

Memantin

Ginkgo Biloba

42
Q

Cholinesterase inhibiters interact with which drug

A

NSAIDs

S2 1533 (3 decks)

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