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M104 Symposia > M104 Symposia Obesity part 1 > Flashcards

M104 Symposia Obesity part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the recommended daily calorie intake?

A

Male - 2,500

Female - 2,000

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2
Q

What is the BMI of an obese I person?

A

30- 34.9

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3
Q

How is the BMI calculated?

A

Weight (kg) / height^2 (m)

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4
Q

What are the exceptions to the BMI scale?

A

Children - use age & gender specific standards
Athletes - particularly those with high muscle mass
People at the extremes of the height distribution
Non-Caucasian populations

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5
Q

What is an example between the discrepancies of the BMI between non-Caucasian and Caucasian people.

A

a BMI > 27.5 in an Asian person is associated with comparable morbidities to those in Caucasian with BMI >30

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6
Q

What are the different pattern types of obesity?

A

General obesity
Central abdominal obesity
Central abdominal obesity

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7
Q

Where is fat distributed in general obesity?

A

over the whole body

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8
Q

Where is fat distributed in central abdominal obesity?

A

mainly in the chest and abdomen

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9
Q

Where is central abdominal obesity associated with?

A

higher risks of diabetes, raised blood lipids, and greater cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared to general obesity

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10
Q

What are the waist circumferences that define central obesity?

A

Waist circ. >= 94cm /37 inches in men

Waist circ. >= 80cm/31.5 inches in women

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11
Q

What are the criteria for metabolci syndrome?

A

Increased waist circ. and at least 2 of the following:

Raised blood triglyceride: >= 150mg/dL
Reduced HDL (good) cholesterol: < 40 mg/dL (M), < 50 (F)
Raised BP: >= 130 systolic or >= 85 diastolic
Raised fasting glucose: > 5.6 mmol/L (Diabetes = > 7.0)

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12
Q

How does obesity affect the circulatory system?

A

there is an increased risk of hypertension – co-factor for stroke and CHD, DVT, PE

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13
Q

How does obesity affect the musculoskeletal system?

A

weight on the joints – especially the knees with cartilage degeneration
Low back pain

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14
Q

How does obesity affect the metabolic and endocrine systems?

A

Type 2 DM
dyslipidaemias with atherosclerosis
gout

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15
Q

How does obesity affect the patient’s risk of cancer?

A

there’s an increased risk of breast, colon and endometrial cancers

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16
Q

How does obesity affect reproductive and urological problems?

A

stress incontinence in women, menstrual abnormalities, polycystic ovarian syndrome, infertility, childbirth risks, erectile dysfunction

17
Q

How does obesity affect the respiratory system?

A

sleep apnoea and asthma

18
Q

How does obesity affect the GI system?

A

gastro-oesophageal reflux, gall stones, pancreatitis

19
Q

How does obesity affect the patient’s risk of liver disease?

A

fatty liver

NAFLD prevalence rising, may require liver transplant at later stages

20
Q

How does obesity affect the patient’s psychology and social side?

A

Low self esteem, stress, social disadvantage, depression, reduced libido

21
Q

What are the conditions that are a high prevalence in obese children?

A 
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 
Asthma
Sleep apnoea 
Cardiovascular risk 
Musculoskeletal 
Mental health
22
Q

How does obesity affect the Musculoskeletal system in children?

A

Tibia vara (bow legs), slipped femoral epiphysis, knee pain, ankle foot pain / problems

23
Q

What type of patients might a fear of hypoglycaemia be common in?

A

obese people with diabetes who require insulin

It may not be disclosed and may be put down to ‘poor compliance’ with dietary recommendations

24
Q

What is the first instinct when patients with insulin controlled diabetes present with worsening control?

A

to increase insulin - but can lead to a cycle of further weight gain
addressing a fear of hypoglycaemia, restricting calories and reducing insulin under local expert supervision and support can stop this cycle

25
Q

What is the BMI range of a healthy person?

A

18.5 - 24.9

26
Q

What is the BMI of an overweight person?

A

25 - 29.9

27
Q

What is the BMI of an obese II person?

A

35 - 39.9

28
Q

What is the BMI of an obese III person?

A

40+

29
Q

What is the BMI of an overweight child?

A

BMI > 90th %ile

30
Q

What is the BMI of a very overweight child?

A

BMI > 98th %ile

M104 Symposia (11 decks)

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