M1 U1 History of Immunohematology

Question 1

First time blood transfusion was recorded in history

Answer 1

Pope Innocent VII
1492

Question 2

discovered the circulation of blood.

Answer 2

William Harvey
1628

Question 3

observes and describes RED BLOOD CELLS

Answer 3

Jan Swammerdam
1658

Question 4

First recorded successful blood transfusion occurs in England with dogs

Answer 4

Physician Richard Lower 1665

Question 5

Separately report successful transfusions from
lambs to humans. Within 10 years, transfusing the blood of animals to humans becomes prohibited by law because of reactions.

Answer 5

1667: Jean-Baptiste Denis in France and Richard Lower in England

Question 6

first human blood transfusion, although he does not publish this information

Answer 6

American physician Philip Syng Physick
1795

Question 7

first successful transfusion of human blood to a patient for the treatment of POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE

Answer 7

British obstetrician James Blundell, 1818

Question 8

performs the first successful whole blood transfusion to treat hemophilia

Answer 8

Samuel Armstrong Lane, 1840

Question 9

uses antiseptics to control infection during
transfusions

Answer 9

Joseph Lister, 1867

Question 10

sodium phosphate, a nontoxic anticoagulant- FIRST EXAMPLE OF BLOOD PRESERVATION
RESEARCH

Answer 10

1869, Braxton Hicks

Question 11

Discovered the first three human blood groups, A, B, and C

Answer 11

Karl Landsteiner, 1901

Question 12

Discovered AB, the fourth Blood type

Answer 12

Alfred Decastello and Adriano Sturli

Question 13

safety of transfusion might be improved by
CROSS MATCHING blood between donors and patients to exclude incompatible mixtures

Answer 13

1907: LUDVIG HEKTOEN

Question 14

performs the first blood transfusion using blood typing and cross-matching

Answer 14

REUBEN OTTENBERG

Question 15

devises a way to prevent clotting by sewing the vein
of the recipient directly to the artery of the donor, vein-to-vein or direct method, known
as anastomosis

Answer 15

1908: French surgeon Alexis Carrel

Question 16

describes the antiglobulin reaction

Answer 16

Carlos Moreschi

Question 17

develops the Lee-White clotting time

Answer 17

1912: Roger Lee, Paul Dudley White

Question 18

demonstrates that it is safe to give group O blood to patients of any blood group, and that blood from all groups can be given to group AB patients. The terms “universal donor” and “universal recipient” are coined.

Answer 18

Roger Lee, 191

Question 19

carried out vein-to-vein transfusion of blood by using
multiple syringes and a special cannula for puncturing the vein through the skin.

Answer 19

Edward Lindemann, 1913

Question 20

Designed the syringe – valve apparatus

Answer 20

Lester J. Unger, 1913

Question 21

reported the use of sodium citrate as an anticoagulant

Answer 21

Albert Hustin, 1914

Question 22

determined the minimum amount of citrate needed for
anticoagulation

Answer 22

Richard Lewisohn, 1915

Question 23

introduced a citrate-glucose solution that permits
storage of blood for several days after collection

Answer 23

1916: FRANCIS ROUS AND J.R. TURNER

Question 24

credited with creating the blood depots

Answer 24

Oswald Robertson

Question 25

The MNSs and P systems are discovered. MNSs and P are two more blood group antigen systems — just as ABO is one system and Rh is another.

Answer 25

1927-1947

Question 26

establishes the first hospital blood bank in the United States. In creating a hospital laboratory that can preserve and store donor blood, originates the term "blood bank.

Answer 26

Bernard Fantus, 1937

Question 27

The Rh Blood group system is discovered

Answer 27

1939-1940 Alexander Wiener, Philip Levine and R.E. Stetson

Question 28

develops cold ethanol fractionation (Albumin, gamma globulin and fibrinogen are isolated and become available for clinical use)

Answer 28

1940, Edwin Cohn

Question 29

develops the first blood container

Answer 29

John Elliott, 1941

Question 30

appointed as director of the first AMERICAN Red Cross Blood bank at the Presbyterian Hospital

Answer 30

1941: DR. CHARLES DREW

Question 31

effectively treats victims of the Pearl Harbor attack with Cohn's albumin for shock

Answer 31

1941, ISODOR RAVDIN

Question 32

Introduced the formula for the preservative Acid- Citrate Dextrose (ACD)

Answer 32

1943: LOUTIT AND MOLLISON

Question 33

publishes the classic description of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis.

Answer 33

1943: P. Beeson

Question 34

describe the use of ANTI-HUMAN GLOBULIN to identify incomplete antibodies

Answer 34

1945: COOMBS, MOURANT AND RACE

Question 35

ABO blood-typing and syphilis testing is performed on each unit of blood

Answer 35

1947

Question 36

reports the use of glycerol CRYOPROTECTANT for red blood cells

Answer 36

1950: AUDREY SMITH

Question 37

introduced the plastic bag for blood collection

Answer 37

1950: Carl Walter and W.P. Murphy, Jr.,

Question 38

Development of the refrigerated centrifuge

Answer 38

1953

Question 39

Introduced an improved preservative solution called citrate-phosphate-dextrose

Answer 39

1957- Gibson

Question 40

PLATELET CONCENTRATES are recognized for reducing the mortality from hemorrhage in cancer patients

Answer 40

1961

Question 41

PLASMAPHERESIS is introduced as a means of collecting plasma for fractionation

Answer 41

1964

Question 42

demonstrate the feasibility of storing platelets at ROOM TEMPERATURE, revolutionizing platelet transfusion therapy.

Answer 42

1969: S. Murphy and F. Gardner

Question 43

U.S. blood banks move toward an ALL-VOLUNTEER blood donor system.

Answer 43

1971

Question 44

Apheresis is used to extract one cellular component, returning the rest of the blood to the donor

Answer 44

1972

Question 45

FDA requires blood bags to be labeled “paid” or “volunteer”

Answer 45

1978

Question 46

First Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) case reported.

Answer 46

1981

Question 47

Additive solutions extend the shelf life of red blood cells to 42 days.

Answer 47

1983

Question 48

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) identified as cause of AIDS

Answer 48

1984

Question 49

The first blood-screening test to detect HIV is licensed and quickly implemented by blood banks to protect the blood supply.

Answer 49

1985

Question 50

Testing of donor blood for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies (anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2) is implemented.

Answer 50

1992

Question 51

Nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) for HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) licensed by the Food and Drug Administration

Answer 51

2002

Question 52

The National Blood Services Act of 1994

Answer 52

RA 7719

Question 53

Implementing Rules of RA 7719

Answer 53

DOH A.O. Series of 1995

Question 54

Rules and Regulations for the Establishment of the Philippine National Blood Services (Amends pertinent provisions of AO No. 9 s. 1995)

Answer 54

DOH A.O. No. 2005-002

Question 55

Rules and Regulations Governing the Regulation of Blood Services Facilities

Answer 55

DOH A.O. No. 2008 – 0008