M1 Renal Endo

Question 0

Amiloride - Type + Mechanism + Indications/CounterIndications

Answer 0

Type - Potassium Sparing Diuretic
Mechanism - Blocks ENaC Channels in the DCT - Prevents Na Reabsorption - Increase Na/H2O excretion without losing K+
Indication/Counter - Short Time of Action - Not used commonly

Question 1

Aliskiren - Type and Pathway

Answer 1

Class - Direct Renin Inhibitor

Pathway - Inhibits Renin Function - Prevents Angiotensiniogen to A1 Conversion - Prevents RAAS - Treats Hypertension

Question 2

Biguanides - Brand Name - Type - Mechanism

Answer 2

Name - Metformin
Type - Anti-Diabetic - First Line of Defense Against Type II Diabetes - Key for preventing LDL accumulation + CV issues from Diabetes
Mechanism - Prevents Liver Gluconeogenesis - Lowers Glucose production

Question 3

Clomiphene - Brand Name - Type - Mechanism

Answer 3

Brand Name - Adroxal
Type - SERM (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator) - Used as a fertility drug to induce ovulation (and multiple dominant follicles)
Mechanism - Inhibits negative feedback on the hypothalmus - Increases GnRH secretion - Increases LH/FSH

Question 4

Eplerenone - Type, Mechanism, and Contraindications

Answer 4

Type - Potassium Sparing Diuretic - Aldosterone Antagonist (vs. Angiotensin) - Prevents unfavorable remodeling
Mechanism - Binds Mineralocorticoid Receptor better then Aldosterone
Contraindications - Hyperkalemia + Renal Impairment

Question 5

Spironolactone - Type, Mechanism, and Contraindications

Answer 5

Type - Potassium Sparing Diuretic / Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist
Mechanism - Binds Aldosterone Receptor and prevents Na/H2O reabsorption
Contraindication - PREGNANCY - Can hit other Mineralocorticoid receptors and mess with sex steroids + Hyperkalemia

Question 6

Sulfonylurea - Type and Mechanism

Answer 6

Type - Anti diabetic drug (Type II DM)

Mechanism - Promote Beta Cell Insulin Secretion - Lowers Glucose Levels

Question 7

Thiazolindinedione - Type and Mechanism

Answer 7

Type - Anti-diabetic - Type II DM Treatment

Mechanism - Nuclear Receptors - Reduces insulin resistance + increase fat and glucose metabolism (breakdown)

Question 8

Tolvaptan - Type and Mechanism

Answer 8

Type - Treatment of Hyponatremia (from CHF + SIADH)
Mechanism - Vasopressin V2 Receptor Antagonist - Prevents AVP (ADH) from adding AQP to the Collecting Duct - Prevents Water Reabsorption - Dilute Urine + Increase Na concentration