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Molecular Biology LEC > M1: INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & DIAGNOSTICS > Flashcards

M1: INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & DIAGNOSTICS Flashcards

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1
Q

Who coined the term, defined molecular biology as the study of DNA ?

A

James Watson

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2
Q

This deals with molecular techniques that are designed for handling and analysis of nucleic acids

A

Diagnostic molecular biology

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3
Q

What are the contents of DOH A.O. 2020-14 ?

A

Guidelines in securing a license to operate a COVID-19 testing laboratory in the Philippines

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4
Q

This person discovered DNA

A

Johann Friedrich Miescher (1869)

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5
Q

Chemical analysis of the Johann Miescher extracted nuclein showed that the substance contains what ?

A

2.5% phosphorous

14% nitrogen

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6
Q

These people implicated that DNA is responsible for bacterial transformation

A

Oswald Avery (1944)
Colin MacLead
Maclyn McCarty

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7
Q

They showed that non-encapsulated (non-pathogenic) strains of ___ are transformed to become encapsulated (pathogenic) upon the addition of DNA from the encapsulated strain

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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8
Q

They helped confirm that DNA is the genetic material by performing a series of experiments that showed that viral nucleic acids are infectious while viral protein is not

A 
Alfred Hershey (1952)
Martha Chase
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9
Q

Performed chromatographic methods that led to the conclusion that adenine content of DNA is equal to the thymine content while guanine content is equal to cytosine content

A

Erwin Chargaff (1949-1953)

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10
Q

In the late 1940s he started using optical spectroscopy to study DNA

A

Maurice Wilkins

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11
Q

They obtained the A and B conformation of DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin

Maurice Wilkins

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12
Q

They published the first correct model of the DNA molecule

A 
James Watson (1953)
Francis Crick
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13
Q

They performed the first known successful DNA recombinant experiment which allowed them to produce human insulin from genetically modified bacteria

A 
Herbert Boyer (1973)
Stanley Norman Cohen
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14
Q

They separately developed techniques for rapid DNA sequencing

A 
Walter Gilbert (1970)
Frederick Sanger
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15
Q

Invented the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for amplification of DNA

A

Kary Mullis (1985)

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16
Q

What are ZFN’s ?

A

engineered DNA-binding enzymes that allow targeted editing of the genome

17
Q

Who presented ZFN’s ?

A

Nikola Panayot Pavletich (1991)

Carl Pablo

18
Q

Who was the first to generate a mammalian clone

A

Sir Ian Wilmut

19
Q

This was the first multicellular organism to have its entire genome decoded

A

1998

roundworm Caenorhabditis

20
Q

First crop to have its entire genome decoded

A

2002

rice

21
Q

When was the completion of The Human Genome Project recorded ?

A

2003

22
Q

What is a TALEN ?

A

Transcription activator-like effector nucleases

engineered to cut specific DNA sequences

23
Q

What does CRISPR stand for ?

A

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

24
Q

What is CRISPR-Cas9 ?

A

utilized for genome editing purposes

25
Q

What is Molecular Pathology ?

A

refers to the analysis of nucleic acids and proteins for diagnosis of disease
predicting the occurrence of a disease
predicting the prognosis of the diagnosed disease
guiding therapy

26
Q

What are the most common applications of diagnostic molecular pathology ?

A 
Redefinition of diseases
Detection of cancer
Detection of infectious diseases
Treatment of diseases
Pharmacogenomics and Personalized medicine
Diagnosis of genetic diseases
27
Q

What application of diagnostic molecular pathology is exhibited by the differential diagnosis of leukemia ?

A

Redefinition of diseases

28
Q

Genes that have the potential of causing cancer are also called as ___, and their encoded proteins are also known as ?

A

oncogenes

oncoproteins

29
Q

What application of diagnostic molecular pathology is exhibited by exponential improvement in the detection of viruses, fungi, and fastidious bacteria in clinical specimens ?

A

Detection of infectious diseases

30
Q

This is the study of how drug responses occur concerning an individual’s genome

A

Pharmacogenomics

31
Q

Pharmacogenomics downplays a ___ convention and holds the promise of providing greater safety and efficacy in drug design and development

A

one drug fits all

32
Q

What application of diagnostic molecular pathology is exhibited by predicting the manifestation of genetic diseases by detection of genetic markers among family members ?

A

Diagnosis of genetic diseases

33
Q

What are the fundamental principles of ethics as applied to medical research and clinical practices ?

A 
Autonomy
Integrity
Respect
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
Justice
34
Q

The evolution of informed consent within medical research has moved forwards progressively since the ___

A

Nuremberg trials

Molecular Biology LEC (5 decks)

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