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Pharmacology > M1 Drugs > Flashcards

M1 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Epinephrine

A

a and B adrenergic receptor agonist

Causes increase in HR, bronchiole smooth m relaxation, and slight peripheral vasodilation

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2
Q

Clenbuterol (Ventipulmin)

A 
Respiratory drug 
B2 agonist 
approved for RAO in horses 
Banned for use in food animals 
adverse effects = tachycardia, muscle tremors and uterine relaxation
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3
Q

Compounded clenbuterol

A

Respiratory drug

don’t use this bc doesn’t often contain the amount of drug it says it does

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4
Q

Salbutamol/albuterol

Ventolin

A

Respiratory drug Used in cats and horses
Metered dose inhalant for acute bronchoconstriction events
don’t use chronically = B-receptor down regulation

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5
Q

Ways to use inhalant formulations in vet med

A 
Nebulizers and masks/spacing chambers
Aerokat 
Aeromask 
Nebulair 
Breathe Easy
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6
Q

Theophylline

A

Respiratory drug
Methylxanthine
Not used often bc of adverse cardiac and CNS effects
PDE inhibitor = relaxation of bronchial smooth m
Human formulations available

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7
Q

Atropine (for respiratory distress)

A

Anticholinergic
Inhibits vagally-mediated bronchial smooth m tone due to stimulation of cholinergic receptors
Can use it as a test for RAO in horses

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8
Q

Prednisone and Prednisolone

A

GC for inflammatory treatment of respiratory disease

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9
Q

Depo Medrol (Methylprednisolone acetate)

A

GC that can be given to cats but need to watch for diabetes

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10
Q

Dexamethasone

A

GC powder or injection for horses

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11
Q

Fluticasone

A

Inhalant GC
most potent and longest acting and less adverse effects
Only available in metered doses

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12
Q

Cyproheptadine

A

For serotonin-induced respiratory inflammation in cats

Not proven to be effective

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13
Q

Butorphanol (Torbutrol)

A

antitussive for dogs

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14
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Occurs with severe, systemic activation of H1 receptors –> hypotension and bronchoconstriction

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15
Q

H1 blockers

A

Stabilize H1 receptors into non-active state

Limited oral bioavailability, lipid soluble and high volume of distribution

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16
Q

Pyrilamine

Antihist, Pyrihist

A

1st generation H1 antihistamine
Ethylene diamine family
General anti-histamine and anti-allergenic effect
Injectable and oral formulations

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17
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

1st Generation H1 AH
Ethanolamines
no vet-approved formulations in Canada but ok to use in animals as most ppl have in cupboard

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18
Q

Dimenhydrinate

Gravol

A

1st Generation Ethanolamine

Not vet-approved in Canada but most ppl have it

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19
Q

Metyrosine

A

Inhibits synthesis of adrenergic nt

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20
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

inhibits release of cholinergic nt

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21
Q

Bretylium

A

Inhibits release adrenergic nt

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22
Q

Amphetamine

A

Increase release of nt

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23
Q

Black widow spider venom

A

Increase release of cholinergic nt

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24
Q

Cocaine

A

Inhibits reuptake of adrenergic nt

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25
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors/Neostigmine

A

Inhibits metabolism of cholinergic nt

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26
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

Inhibits metabolism of adrenergic nt

27
Q

Acetylcholine

Carbachol

A

Cholinergic agonists

N=M

28
Q

Nicotine

A

Nicotinic selective cholinergic agonist

29
Q

Muscarine
Bethanechol
Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic selective cholinergic agonist

30
Q

Insecticides

A

Non-selective cholinergic agonists

Irreversible

31
Q

Atropine

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic selective cholinergic antagonist

- Atropine used to block the widespread parasympathetic effects of insecticide poisoning

32
Q

Hexamethonium

Trimethaphan

A

Ganglionic blockers

  • used to cut out barorecptor effect
  • knock out ANS effects
33
Q

Tubocurarine
Pancuronium
Succinyl-choline

A

Neuromuscular blocker

34
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Adrenergic agonist
B1 > B2 = increase in HR
a1 = a2 = vasoconstriction

35
Q

Isoproterenol

A

B-agonist

- good to stimulate heart

36
Q

Dopamine

A

D1 > B1 > B2> a
Adrenergic agonist
Can be used in emergencies at a high dose to stimulate HR and D1 found peripherally in vasculature = promoting blood flow

37
Q

Phenylephrine

A

a1 > a2&raquo_space;>B
adrenergic agonist
vasoconstriction

38
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1 > B2 > a
Adrenergic agonist
stimulate HR
Acute treatment of severe HF

39
Q

Clonidine

Xylazine

A 
a2 > a1 >>B
Adrenergic agonist 
Reduces adrenergic outflow in the brain 
Sedative effects 
Major side effect = postural hypotension
40
Q

Terbutaline

A

B2 > B1&raquo_space; a
Adrenergic agonist
Smooth m relaxer and vasodilation

41
Q

Prazosin

A

a1&raquo_space;> a2

Alpha antagonist

42
Q

Tolazoline

Atepamizole

A

a2&raquo_space;» a1
alpha-antagonist
Common reversal for a2-agonist sedation

43
Q

Carvedilol

A

betas = alphas

Mixed antagonist

44
Q

Metoprolol
Acebutolol
Atenolol

A

B1&raquo_space;> B2

Stops sympathetic activation on heart (slows heart)

45
Q

Metoprolol
Acebutolol
Atenolol

A

B1&raquo_space;> B2
Stops sympathetic activation on heart (slows heart) and relaxes ventricular wall = better diastolic filling
Used in HCM

46
Q

Digoxin

A

Positive inotrope
Negative chronotrope and dromotrope
Inhibits Na/K ATPase = secondary increase in Ca via Na/Ca exchanger
Used in heart failure and atrial fibrillation
Toxic effects of hyperkalemia

47
Q

Pimobendan

A

Positive Inotrope
Vasodilator
PDE inhibitor in heart and BV
Treat HF and known to increase wellness and survivability

48
Q

Enalapril
Benazepril
Imidipril

A

Inhibits ACE = reduction in Ang II = vasodilation effects in arterioles and reduced aldosterone release
HF and Hypertension

49
Q

Enalapril
Benazepril
Imidipril

A

ACE inhibitors = reduction in Ang II = vasodilation effects in arterioles and reduced aldosterone release
HF and Hypertension

50
Q

Valsartan

Telmisartan

A

ARBs = AT1 receptor blockers

Inhibits actions of Ang II = vasodilation and reduces aldosterone release

51
Q

Nitroglycerin

Nitroprusside

A

Venodilation and reduced preload
Exogenous sources of NO
Used in HF

52
Q

Quinidine
Procainamide
Lidocaine

A 
Class I Anti-arrhythmic 
Na-channel inhibitor 
Prolongs QRS, decreases HR and cardiomyocyte excitability 
Ventricular arrhythmias 
sometimes supraventricular arrhythmias
53
Q

Metoprolol

Atenolol

A

Class II Anti-arrhythmic
B1-adrenergic receptor antagonist
Negative chronotrope, dromotrope and inotrope
Supraventricular tachycardias

54
Q

Amiodarone

Bretylium

A

K-channel inhibitor
Since reduces K = prolonged repolarization = reduction of HR
Refractory ventricular tachycardias

55
Q

Verapamil

Dilitiazem

A

Ca-channel inhibitor
Negative chronotrope = slows spontaneous depolarization in pacemaker cells
Supraventricular tachycardias
HCM

56
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretics
inhibits Na/K/Cl symporter
Acute relief of severe edema

57
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide
Inhibits Na/Cl symporter
Chronic diuretic therapy
HF

58
Q

Sprionolactone

A

K-sparing
Aldosterone antagonist
Good to use in conjunction with K depleting diuretic to combat hypokalemia

59
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmotic
Used in emergencies
- cerebral edema

60
Q

Solu-delta-cortef

Prednisolone Sodium succinate

A

fast-acting GC

Given IV or IM

61
Q

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate

A

Fast-acting GC

62
Q

Depo-Medrol

Methylprednisolone acetate

A

Slow absorption GC
mainly used in dogs and cats
often for skin conditions

63
Q

Prednisolone acetate

A

Slow absorbing GC

multiple generic versions available

64
Q

Predef2x

Isoflupredone acetate

A

Slow absorbing GC
Cattle, horses, pigs
has some mineralocorticoid effect = can lead to hypokalemia w/ repeated doses

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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