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Pharmacology > M1 Drugs > Flashcards

M1 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Epinephrine

A

a and B adrenergic receptor agonist

Causes increase in HR, bronchiole smooth m relaxation, and slight peripheral vasodilation

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2
Q

Clenbuterol (Ventipulmin)

A 
Respiratory drug 
B2 agonist 
approved for RAO in horses 
Banned for use in food animals 
adverse effects = tachycardia, muscle tremors and uterine relaxation
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3
Q

Compounded clenbuterol

A

Respiratory drug

don’t use this bc doesn’t often contain the amount of drug it says it does

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4
Q

Salbutamol/albuterol

Ventolin

A

Respiratory drug Used in cats and horses
Metered dose inhalant for acute bronchoconstriction events
don’t use chronically = B-receptor down regulation

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5
Q

Ways to use inhalant formulations in vet med

A 
Nebulizers and masks/spacing chambers
Aerokat 
Aeromask 
Nebulair 
Breathe Easy
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6
Q

Theophylline

A

Respiratory drug
Methylxanthine
Not used often bc of adverse cardiac and CNS effects
PDE inhibitor = relaxation of bronchial smooth m
Human formulations available

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7
Q

Atropine (for respiratory distress)

A

Anticholinergic
Inhibits vagally-mediated bronchial smooth m tone due to stimulation of cholinergic receptors
Can use it as a test for RAO in horses

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8
Q

Prednisone and Prednisolone

A

GC for inflammatory treatment of respiratory disease

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9
Q

Depo Medrol (Methylprednisolone acetate)

A

GC that can be given to cats but need to watch for diabetes

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10
Q

Dexamethasone

A

GC powder or injection for horses

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11
Q

Fluticasone

A

Inhalant GC
most potent and longest acting and less adverse effects
Only available in metered doses

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12
Q

Cyproheptadine

A

For serotonin-induced respiratory inflammation in cats

Not proven to be effective

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13
Q

Butorphanol (Torbutrol)

A

antitussive for dogs

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14
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Occurs with severe, systemic activation of H1 receptors –> hypotension and bronchoconstriction

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15
Q

H1 blockers

A

Stabilize H1 receptors into non-active state

Limited oral bioavailability, lipid soluble and high volume of distribution

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16
Q

Pyrilamine

Antihist, Pyrihist

A

1st generation H1 antihistamine
Ethylene diamine family
General anti-histamine and anti-allergenic effect
Injectable and oral formulations

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17
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

1st Generation H1 AH
Ethanolamines
no vet-approved formulations in Canada but ok to use in animals as most ppl have in cupboard

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18
Q

Dimenhydrinate

Gravol

A

1st Generation Ethanolamine

Not vet-approved in Canada but most ppl have it

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19
Q

Metyrosine

A

Inhibits synthesis of adrenergic nt

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20
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

inhibits release of cholinergic nt

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21
Q

Bretylium

A

Inhibits release adrenergic nt

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22
Q

Amphetamine

A

Increase release of nt

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23
Q

Black widow spider venom

A

Increase release of cholinergic nt

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24
Q

Cocaine

A

Inhibits reuptake of adrenergic nt

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25
Cholinesterase inhibitors/Neostigmine
Inhibits metabolism of cholinergic nt
26
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Inhibits metabolism of adrenergic nt
27
Acetylcholine | Carbachol
Cholinergic agonists | N=M
28
Nicotine
Nicotinic selective cholinergic agonist
29
Muscarine Bethanechol Pilocarpine
Muscarinic selective cholinergic agonist
30
Insecticides
Non-selective cholinergic agonists | Irreversible
31
Atropine | Ipratropium
Muscarinic selective cholinergic antagonist | - Atropine used to block the widespread parasympathetic effects of insecticide poisoning
32
Hexamethonium | Trimethaphan
Ganglionic blockers - used to cut out barorecptor effect - knock out ANS effects
33
Tubocurarine Pancuronium Succinyl-choline
Neuromuscular blocker
34
Norepinephrine
Adrenergic agonist B1 > B2 = increase in HR a1 = a2 = vasoconstriction
35
Isoproterenol
B-agonist | - good to stimulate heart
36
Dopamine
D1 > B1 > B2> a Adrenergic agonist Can be used in emergencies at a high dose to stimulate HR and D1 found peripherally in vasculature = promoting blood flow
37
Phenylephrine
a1 > a2 >>>B adrenergic agonist vasoconstriction
38
Dobutamine
B1 > B2 > a Adrenergic agonist stimulate HR Acute treatment of severe HF
39
Clonidine | Xylazine
``` a2 > a1 >>B Adrenergic agonist Reduces adrenergic outflow in the brain Sedative effects Major side effect = postural hypotension ```
40
Terbutaline
B2 > B1 >> a Adrenergic agonist Smooth m relaxer and vasodilation
41
Prazosin
a1 >>> a2 | Alpha antagonist
42
Tolazoline | Atepamizole
a2 >>>> a1 alpha-antagonist Common reversal for a2-agonist sedation
43
Carvedilol
betas = alphas | Mixed antagonist
44
Metoprolol Acebutolol Atenolol
B1 >>> B2 | Stops sympathetic activation on heart (slows heart)
45
Metoprolol Acebutolol Atenolol
B1 >>> B2 Stops sympathetic activation on heart (slows heart) and relaxes ventricular wall = better diastolic filling Used in HCM
46
Digoxin
Positive inotrope Negative chronotrope and dromotrope Inhibits Na/K ATPase = secondary increase in Ca via Na/Ca exchanger Used in heart failure and atrial fibrillation Toxic effects of hyperkalemia
47
Pimobendan
Positive Inotrope Vasodilator PDE inhibitor in heart and BV Treat HF and known to increase wellness and survivability
48
Enalapril Benazepril Imidipril
Inhibits ACE = reduction in Ang II = vasodilation effects in arterioles and reduced aldosterone release HF and Hypertension
49
Enalapril Benazepril Imidipril
ACE inhibitors = reduction in Ang II = vasodilation effects in arterioles and reduced aldosterone release HF and Hypertension
50
Valsartan | Telmisartan
ARBs = AT1 receptor blockers | Inhibits actions of Ang II = vasodilation and reduces aldosterone release
51
Nitroglycerin | Nitroprusside
Venodilation and reduced preload Exogenous sources of NO Used in HF
52
Quinidine Procainamide Lidocaine
``` Class I Anti-arrhythmic Na-channel inhibitor Prolongs QRS, decreases HR and cardiomyocyte excitability Ventricular arrhythmias sometimes supraventricular arrhythmias ```
53
Metoprolol | Atenolol
Class II Anti-arrhythmic B1-adrenergic receptor antagonist Negative chronotrope, dromotrope and inotrope Supraventricular tachycardias
54
Amiodarone | Bretylium
K-channel inhibitor Since reduces K = prolonged repolarization = reduction of HR Refractory ventricular tachycardias
55
Verapamil | Dilitiazem
Ca-channel inhibitor Negative chronotrope = slows spontaneous depolarization in pacemaker cells Supraventricular tachycardias HCM
56
Furosemide
Loop diuretics inhibits Na/K/Cl symporter Acute relief of severe edema
57
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide Inhibits Na/Cl symporter Chronic diuretic therapy HF
58
Sprionolactone
K-sparing Aldosterone antagonist Good to use in conjunction with K depleting diuretic to combat hypokalemia
59
Mannitol
Osmotic Used in emergencies - cerebral edema
60
Solu-delta-cortef | Prednisolone Sodium succinate
fast-acting GC | Given IV or IM
61
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate
Fast-acting GC
62
Depo-Medrol | Methylprednisolone acetate
Slow absorption GC mainly used in dogs and cats often for skin conditions
63
Prednisolone acetate
Slow absorbing GC | multiple generic versions available
64
Predef2x | Isoflupredone acetate
Slow absorbing GC Cattle, horses, pigs has some mineralocorticoid effect = can lead to hypokalemia w/ repeated doses

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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