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Pharmacology > Anesthetic Drugs > Flashcards

Anesthetic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Pre-Anesthetic Medications

A

Phenothiazines, butyrophenones, a2-agonists

  • sedation and anxiolytic
  • anesthetic sparing

Opioids, A2-agonists, ketamine
- analgesia

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2
Q

Phenothiazines

A

MOA = anti-dopaminergic

Sedation
Hypotension
hypothermia
anti-emetic
anti-arrhythmic
antihistaminic

NO ANALGESIA

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3
Q

Acepromazine

A

Premed
Phenothiazine

Calming effect
Mild sedation -> often combined w/ hydro or butorphanol

Slow onset

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4
Q

Butyrophenones

A

Premed
Less predictable than phenothiazines and tend to cause excitement before sedation

Less cardiorespiratory depression and less hyperthermia

Azaperone
Fluanisone

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5
Q

Benzodiazepines

A 
Premed
Anticonvulsant 
M relaxant 
Unreliable sedation and anxiolytic
No analgesia

Has minimal CVS and resp effects

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6
Q

Diazepam

A

Premed
Benzodiazepine

Do not use for C-sections unless antagonist is available

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7
Q

Midazolam

A

Premed
Benzodiazepine

Reliable sedation for exotics

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8
Q

Flumazenil

A

Benzodiazepine antagonist on GABA receptor

Increases m tone to normal and improves ventilation

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9
Q

A2 Receptor Actions

A 
Anxiolysis and sedation
Anesthetic sparing 
CNS depression 
Anticonvulsant 
Neuroprotectant 
Analgesia
M relaxation

Side Effects

  • peripheral vasoconstriction = reflex bradycardia due to baroreceptor reflex
  • reduced CO
  • RR reduced
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10
Q

Atipamezole

A

A2 Antagonist

Reverses both sedation and analgesia

Only use IM

Side effects
- panting, m tremors, tachycardia, transient hypotension, vomiting, defecation

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11
Q

Trazodone

A

Behaviour Modifier

Reduce stress/anxiety

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12
Q

Gabapentin

A

Behaviour Modifier

Routinely used for tx of chronic pain and epilepsy

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13
Q

Propofol

A

Injectable Anesthetic

Acts on GABA receptors in CNS = anesthesia

short duration bc of extra-hepatic sites of metabolism = little accumulation/hang over effect

Side Effects

  • CVS: myocardial depression, venodilation, hypotension, but no baroreceptor reflex
  • Resp: post induction apnea and mild bronchodilation

Onset 40-90s
DOA 5-10 mins

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14
Q

Alfaxalone

A

Injectable Anesthetic

GABA receptors in CNS

Short DOA, rapidly metabolized, no accumulation

Side Effects

  • hypotension w/ compensation via reflex tachycardia
  • post induction apnea

Unclear analgesic properties

Onset 15-45 sec
DOA 5-10 mins

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15
Q

Ketamine

A

Injectable dissociative anesthetic

Interrupts info reaching the higher centers of the brain

Pair w/ m relaxant (benzodiazepine, a2) bc of m rigidity
CN reflexes are maintained –> central eye in dog, gag, swallow and palpebral reflexes

Onset 30-90 seconds
DOA 10-20 mins

Good analgesic –> esp for windup pain

Metabolism to norketamine excreted in urine

Side Effects

  • sympathomimetic = increase HR and BP
  • minimal resp depression -> can see apneustic breathing
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16
Q

Guaifenesin - GGE/Glycerol Guaicolate

A

Injectable Anesthetic
Large animal anesthesia for mild sedation

provides skeletal m relaxation
NOT AN ANESTHETIC or an analgesic –> rarely used alone

Usually w/ ketamine and xylazine

17
Q

Isoflurane

A

IH Anesthetic
- rapid uptake and elimination

Very little hepatic metabolism

MAC

  • 1.2% dog
  • 1.3% cat
18
Q

Sevoflurane

A

IH Anesthetic
- rapid uptake and elimination

3x as expensive as Iso

5% metabolized by liver and can produce Fl ions that are nephrotoxic
- but lungs eliminate drug so fast that not clinically a problem

MAC

  • 2.4% dog
  • 3.0% cat
19
Q

Nitrous Oxide

A

Inhalant

Clinically used to supplement inhalant at 60%inhaled

20
Q

Doxapram

A

Respiratory Stimulant

Directly stims the CNS and resp center –> to increase tidal volume and resp rate

Increases cerebral and myocardial O2 demand -> can be detrimental if patient isn’t breathing or hypoxemic

21
Q

Ephedrine

A

Tx vasodilation

Mainly acts on adrenal gland to release endogenous NE

22
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Tx bradycardia

Acts on muscarinic/cholinergic sites => works more on parasympathetic system

Prevents increases in vagal tone and excessive secretions

23
Q

Atropine

A

Anticholinergic

DOA 30-40 mins
Onset 1-2 mins

Atropine can increase HR higher than glycopyrrolate

24
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Anticholinergic

DOA 2 hrs
Onset 15-20 mins

25
Q

Succinylcholine/Suxamethonium

A

Relax laryngeal m allowing endotracheal intubation

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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