M1 DRILLS Flashcards
What is the Pauli’s Exclusion Principle?
A. No two electrons in an atom may have the same principal quantum number
B. An atom cannot have 2 electrons in the same energy level or orbital that have the same set of quantum numbers
C. No more than 2 electrons may have the same set of quantum numbers
D. Electrons in an atom may differ by, at most, one of four quantum numbers
B. An atom cannot have 2 electrons in the same energy level or orbital that have the same set of quantum numbers
C. ❌more than (Exclusive)
D. ❌at most (at least)
What property decreases from left to right, increases from top to bottom?
A. Electron affinity
B. Nonmetallic property
C. Electronegativity
D. Metallic property
E. Ionization energy
D. Metallic property (& atomic radius)
A. – Energy released when n0 atom gains extra e-
C. –Atom’s ability to attract e-
• F – Most EN
• Cs –Most electropositive
E. – Min. energy req to remove e- in n0 atom -> +
• He – Highest ionization energy
Which of the following statements best describe elements in the Periodic Table?
I. Helium is the first element in Group IA
II. Nonmetals occupy the upper right area of the periodic table
III. Metals are located in the left area of the periodic table
IV. Diagonally related elements are known as Bridge elements
A. I, II, IV
B. I, III, IV
C. I, II, III
D. II, III, IV
D. II, III, IV
I. ❌He (H)
IV. – Period 2 (Li, Be, BCNO)
*Metalloids/ Semimetals: Si, Ge, Po, Sb (ni) As, Te, B
Which of the following is an alkaline earth metal? (BEQ)
A. NH4
B. Na
C. Mg
D. K
C. Mg
Which group is referred to as the Coinage?
A. Group 0
B. Group IIB
C. Group IB
D. Group IIIA
C. Group IB
Which group is referred to as the Alkali Metals?
A. Group IVA
B. Group IA
C. Group IIA
D. Group IIIA
B. Group IA
Which elements are referred to as the Triads of Group VIII?
I. Co
II. Mn
III. Ni
IV. Fe
A. I, II, IV
B. I, III, IV
C. I, II, III
D. II, III, IV
B. I, III, IV
Which of the elements is the most electronegative? (BEQ)
A. I
B. F
C. Cl
D. Br
B. F
In the reaction: U + V ↔ UV
When U is added, where will the reaction shift?
A. Right
B. Left
C. Neither
D. Insufficient data
A. Right
Identify the Lewis acid in the equation:
Cl- + BCl3 ⇌ BCl4-
A. Cl-
B. BCl3
C. BCl4-
D. Cannot be determined
B. BCl3
*Electrophile/ Lewis acid – e- acceptor
*Nucleophile/ Lewis base – e- donor
If the ion product is greater than Ksp, the solution is: (BEQ)
A. Saturated
B. Supersaturated
C. Unsaturated
D. Cannot be determined
B. Supersaturated
All of the following statements about solubility is not true, EXCEPT?
A. For many solids dissolved in liquid water, the solubility increases with temperature
B. Increased temperature causes a decrease in kinetic energy. Therefore, as the temperature increases, the solubility of a gas decreases
C. Decreasing the surface area of a substance increases its solubility
D. NOTA
A. For many solids dissolved in liquid water, the solubility increases with temperature
States that the entropy of a pure, crystalline solid at absolute zero temperature is zero
A. Third law of thermodynamics
B. Second law of thermodynamics
C. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
D. First law of thermodynamics
A. Third law of thermodynamics
A. Third law of thermodynamics – Entropy of perfectly crystalline subs is zero @ 0K
B. – Law of Entropy/ Disorderliness/ Randomness; entropy can only incr. or remain constant
C. – Thermal equilibrium of 2 systems w/ 3rd system
D. – Law of conservation of energy (Neither created nor destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another)
The following are true about acids & bases, EXCEPT:
I. According to Arrhenius, acids are proton donors
II. According to Lewis concept, acids are electron acceptors
III. According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, bases are proton donors
IV. According to Lewis concept, bases are electron donors
A. I, II, IV
B. I, III
C. II, IV
D. II, III, IV
B. I, III
I. ❌Arrhenius (Bronsted-Lowry)
III. ❌donors (acceptors)
*Arrhenius – Acids & base liberate H+ and OH- ions in water
Released by an acid in a solution (BEQ)
A. Photon
B. Proton
C. Neutron
D. Hydroxide
B. Proton
The following will react with water forming an acid solution, EXCEPT:
A. Ammonia
B. Carbon Dioxide
C. Sulfur Dioxide
D. Nitrogen Dioxide
A. Ammonia
The following elements form Basic oxides, EXCEPT:
A. Sulfur
B. Calcium
C. Strontium
D. Magnesium
A. Sulfur
What is the normality of sulfuric acid containing 73.5g/500 mL of solution? (MW= 98 g/mol)
A. 2.0 N
B. 2.5 N
C. 3.0 N
D. 1.0 N
C. 3.0 N
Which of the following refers to a kind of chemical reaction whereby a substance splits into simpler substances?
A. Decomposition reaction
B. Single replacement reaction
C. Double displacement reaction
D. Combination reaction
A. Decomposition reaction
Water is essential to life. Which of the following statements holds true for water?
I. Has high boiling point
II. Solid form is more dense than its liquid form
III. Has high specific heat
IV. Has low surface tension
V. Undergoes self-ionization
A. I, II, III
B. I, IV, V
C. I, III, V
D. I, III, IV
C. I, III, V
I. = 100ºC
II. ❌more (less)
IV. ❌low (high)
Others: Amphoteric (can act as acid or base), exhibits adhesion & cohesion
Attractive forces:
Cohesion – Bet. similar molecules
Adhesion – Bet. different molecules
When water undergoes electrolysis forming Hydrogen & Oxygen molecules, which of the following changes describes this occurrence?
A. Physical Change
B. Chemical Change
C. Evaporation
D. Substitution reaction
B. Chemical Change
Which of the following is used as the unit of measure for radioactivity?
A. Bq
B. Ci
C. Gy
D. Sv
A. Bq
B. Ci – (3.7 x 10^10 decay/sec); Common unit; Discovered Po, Ra
C. Gy – Gray; Bq absorbed dose
D. Sv –Sievert; Bq dose equivalent
*RAD & REM for Ci
1 Becquerel is equivalent to _______
A. 2.7 x 10-5 Curie
B. 2.7 x 10-11 Curie
C. 2.7 x 10-6 Curie
D. 2.7 x 10-10 Curie
B. 2.7 x 10-11 Curie
Most penetrating of all types of radiation
A. Alpha particles
B. Beta particles
C. Gamma rays
D. X-rays
C. Gamma rays – Photon of electromagnetic radiation (Low ionization, shortest wavelength, highest frequency & energy)
Beta particles penetrate tissue up to ____ cm
A. 100
B. 10
C. 1000
D. 1
D. 1
The effect of radioactive particles passing through a biological tissue would depend upon which of the following characteristics?
I. The ability of the radiation to penetrate the tissue
II. The nature of radiation emitted by radioactive elements
III. The energy of radiation
IV. The dose rate of the radiation
A. I, II, IV
B. I, III, IV
C. II, III, IV
D. AOTA
D. AOTA
Which of the following is correct regarding the handling & storage of radioactive materials?
I. Radioactive materials should never be touched by hand
II. Sufficient protective clothing must be used while handling the materials
III. Radioactive materials should be kept in suitable labeled containers
IV. Should be cost effective
A. I, II, IV
B. I, III, IV
C. II, III, IV
D. AOTA
D. AOTA
Which among the processes of separating components of mixtures makes use of difference in solvent affinity?
A. Decantation
B. Evaporation
C. Chromatography
D. Distillation
C. Chromatography
The following are principles of chromatography, EXCEPT:
A. Size
B. Charge
C. Partition coefficient
D. pH
D. pH
Conformation of organic molecules is most commonly determined by which of the following analytical methods?
A. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
B. pKa Determination
C. Mass Spectrophotometry
D. Optical Rotation
A. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Movement of particles in the body which is also means solvent shifts is referred to as_______
A. Passive diffusion
B. Facilitated transport
C. Active transport
D. Bulk transport
D. Bulk transport
The following are characteristics of active transport, EXCEPT: (BEQ)
A. Higher to lower concentration gradient
B. Expenditure of energy
C. Carrier mediated
D. Follow saturation kinetics
A. Higher to lower concentration gradient – Passive diffusion
*Against conc. gradient (i.e., low conc. to high conc.), req. energy & carrier
Which of the following represents the index of the protective power of colloids?
A. Lumina
B. Poise
C. Zsigmondy
D. Nuggets
C. Zsigmondy
Compounds that result from a combination of electron donor & a metal forming a ring structure is called _______
A. Ligand
B. Lactam ring
C. Chelate
D. Prodrug
C. Chelate
A complex structure whereby the interactant is a surfactant & a molecule that is composed of both a non-polar & a polar portion? (BEQ)
A. Micelle
B. Self-associated aggregate
C. Clathrate
D. Inclusion Complexes
A. Micelle – Polar head & nonpolar tail; involved in lipid absorption
-
C. – Ice-like inclusion cmpd formed @ high pressure & low temp w/ non-polar guest molecule surrounded by H-bonded water cages
D. – Guest molecule (size & shape) fitted into the cavity of host molecule (cyclodextrins)
Elements in atmosphere (BEQ)
I. Hydrogen is 14 times lighter than air
II. Nitrogen is heavier than Oxygen
III. Hydrogen was discovered by Cavendish
A. I only
B. I and II
C. I and III
D. II and III
E. I, II, III
C. I and III
Monel contains
A. Copper
B. Nickel
C. Tin
D. A & B
E. A & C
D. A & B
*Monel/ Constantan
*German Silver – Copper + Ni + Zn
*Raney nickel – Al + Ni
50% Bi + 25% Pb + 25% Sn
A. Type Metal
B. Rose Metal
C. Pewter
D. Solder
E. Plumber’s solder
B. Rose Metal
Type of phosphorus that is poisonous
A. Red
B. Black
C. Yellow
D. NOTA
C. Yellow
Carbon dioxide is stored in:
A. Black container
B. Brown container
C. Blue container
D. Gray container
E. Green container
D. Gray container
What reagent can be used to test for nickel, giving a red precipitate?
A. Methanol & flame
B. Dimethylglyoxime
C. Pyridine in acetic anhydride
D. Ammonium molybdate
B. Dimethylglyoxime
A. – Borate (Green bordered flame) BEQ
C. – Denige’ test
D. – PO4 (Yellow ppt)
The positive result when ferric salts are combined with ammonium thiocyanate. (BEQ)
A. Beautiful blue
B. Blood red
C. Turnbull’s blue
D. Thenard’s blue
B. Blood red
A. – Co(SCN)2 in Vogel’s
C. – Ferrous FerriCN
D. – Al cobaltinitrite
*Prussian blue –Ferric FerroCN
*Rinmann’s green – Zn cobaltinitrite
Carbon tetrachloride exhibits an orange-brown color when placed in a solution containing ____ (BEQ)
A. Iodine
B. Bromine
C. Fluorine
D. Ethylene
B. Bromine
Which are true from these statements?
I. Arsenates give chocolate brown precipitate to silver nitrate test
II. Arsenites give yellow precipitate to silver nitrate test
III. Citrate given with Denige’s reagent results to a purple color
IV. Tartrate given with Denige’s reagent result to an emerald green color
A. I, II, III
B. I, II, IV
C. I, III, IV
D. II, III, IV
B. I, II, IV
Caused by the excessive ingestion of NaHCO3 & CaCO3 with large amount of milk.
A. Burnett’s syndrome
B. Wilson disease
C. Parakeratosis
D. Shavers disease
A. Burnett’s syndrome
Bordeaux mixture:
I. Contains lime & cupric sulfate
II. Used as fungicide
III. Contains lime & cuprous sulfate
IV. Used as anti-acne
A. I, II
B. I, III
C. III, IV
D. II, III
A. I, II
Which of the following substances lose water of crystallization upon exposure to air?
I. Copper sulfate
II. Sodium hydroxide
III. Sodium carbonate
IV. Ammonium chloride
A. I, III
B. I, IV
C. III, IV
D. I, II
A. I, III
*Sulfates & Carbonates – Efflorescent
*Hydroxides, Chlorides, Nitrates – Deliquescent
I. Copper sulfate - Pentahydrate (Blue vitriol)
III. Sodium carbonate - Decahydrate (Sal/ Washing soda)
*Others: CaSO4 Dihydrate (Gypsum)
II. NaOH – Deliquescent
Ferrous ammonium sulfate
A. Green vitriol
B. Mohr’s salt
C. Oesper’s salt
D. Fergon
E. Toleron
B. Mohr’s salt
Compound responsible for the pink color of Calamine USP 24: (BEQ)
A. Talc
B. Zinc oxide
C. zinc stearate
D. Ferric oxide
E. FD and C Red
D. Ferric oxide
What is Saltpeter? (BEQ)
A. Calcium Nitrate
B. Magnesium Nitrate
C. Sodium Nitrate
D. Potassium Nitrate
D. Potassium Nitrate
The predominant physiological anion outside the cell (BEQ)
A. Phosphate
B. Chloride
C. Sulfate
D. Bicarbonate
B. Chloride
PISO (1)
Intracellular CATIONS : Potassium In
Extracellular CATIONS : Sodium Out
MICO (2)
Intracellular CATIONS : Magnesium In
Extracellular CATIONS : Calcium Out
PICHLO (1)
Intracellular ANIONS : Phosphate In
Extracellular ANIOS : Chloride Out
SULIBIO (2)
Intracellular ANIONS : Sulfate In
Extracellular ANIONS : Bicarbonate Out
Which are the dissolved compounds found in Hard Water?
I. Calcium Salts
II. Magnesium Salts
III. Polyhydroxy Ketones
IV. Manganese Salts
A. I, II, IV
B. II, III, IV
C. I, III, IV
D. I, II, III
A. I, II, IV
Salt form:
*Bicarbonates – Temporary (Removed by boiling)
*SO4 & Cl – Permanent hardness
Which of the following compounds exhibits Amphoteric Properties that makes it suitable to prevent Systemic Alkalosis?
A. Magnesium Sulfate
B. Calcium Hydroxide
C. Aluminum Hydroxide
D. Barium Sulfate
C. Aluminum Hydroxide
Which among the following salts is used as an electrolyte replenisher in dehydration?
A. Sodium Carbonate
B. Sodium Iodide
C. Sodium Sulfate
D. Sodium Chloride
D. Sodium Chloride – Solar salt (BEQ)
A. – (+ Pp = Dark pink/ Bicarbonate = Light pink)
B. – I2 solubilizer in I2 soln/tincture (KI – strong)
C. – Saline laxative
The method of preparation must be indicated on labels for: (BEQ)
A. Sterile water for injection
B. Bacteriostatic water
C. Water for injection
D. Purified water
D. Purified water
Which of the following is used to induce bowel movement by increasing osmotic load of the gastrointestinal tract?
A. Bentonite
B. Kaolin
C. Pumice
D. Saline cathartic
D. Saline cathartic
Which of the following are deliquescent substances?
I. NaOH
II. CaO
III. NaNO3
IV. NaCl
A. I, II
B. II, III
C. I, III
D. II, IV
C. I, III
Deliquescent – Absorb water & dissolves
I. NaOH; also KOH
III. NaNO3
Others: CaCl2, MgCl2, FeCl3
*Hygroscopic – Absorb water but does not dissolve
NaCl, Sucrose, CaO, CuO
Simethicone is a component of several antacid formulation, how is it chemically classified?
A. Silicone
B. Ketone
C. Alcohol
D. Wax
A. Silicone
Simethicone (Antiflatulent)
Dimethicone (Emollient)
Which of the following preparations is made up of a combination of non-ionic surfactant with iodine?
A. Strong iodine solution
B. Povidone Iodine
C. Iodine in Potassium Iodide solution
D. Tincture of Iodine
B. Povidone Iodine
For a compound to be considered aromatic, it must have the following characteristics:
I. planar (flat) & cyclic
II. sp3 hybridization
III. follows the 4n+2 rule
IV. cumulated double bonds
A. I, IV
B. I, III
C. I, II, III, IV
D. I, II, III
B. I, III
True about resonance
I. Involves delocalization of both sigma & pi bonds
II. Overall charge of the system remains the same
III. Bonding can be expressed by one single Lewis formula
A. I, III
B. II
C. III
D. I, II, III
B. II
Which is TRUE for alcohols?
A. Water solubility increases as the molecular weight increases
B. Polarity decreases with increase in number of Hydroxyl groups
C. Water solubility decreases with the branching of the carbon chain of alcohols
D. Water solubility increases with an increase in the number of Hydroxyl groups
D. Water solubility increases with an increase in the number of Hydroxyl groups
A. ❌increases (decreases) – Incr. C-chain length/ MW (incr. VdW à less H bonding) = Decr. solubility
B. ❌decreases (increases) – OH (Polar group)
C. ❌decreases (increases) – Incr. branching (Weaker VdW) = Incr. solubility
Which statements best characterize stereoisomers?
I. They do not differ in the order of their Atoms
II. They differ in the order and kind of atoms
III. They differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms
IV. They do not differ in their configuration
A. I, III
B. III, IV
C. II, III
D. I, II
A. I, III
II. (❌order and kind) – Structural/ Constitutional isomers
IV. (❌do not) differ
What is the IUPAC name of Lactic Acid? (BEQ)
A. 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
B. 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
C. 2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid
D. Ethanedioic acid
A. 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
STRUCTURE
A. Hexyl-3-methylbutanoate
B. Hexyl-4-methybutanoate
C. Butyl-3-methylhexanoate
D. Butyl-2propylbutanoate
C. Butyl-3-methylhexanoate
Benzene-1,3-diol
A. Hydroquinone
B. Xylene
C. Catechol
D. Orcinol
E. NOTA
E. NOTA
Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules are used for naming enantiomers & diastereomers
B. The D- & L- configuration is also called (+) & (-) notation
C. Two groups with higher priorities on the same side is described as (Z)-isomer
D. NOTA
B. The D- & L- configuration is also called [❌(+) & (-) notation] (Fischer-Rosanoff notation) – For AAs & sugars
A. – ↑ atomic # = ↑ Priority: 1H < 4C < 7N < 8O < X; CW (R) or CCW (S)
C.– Zusammen (Z) is Zame Side; Entgegen (E) is Opposite side
Azlocillin is one of the few penicillins effective for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Which of the structures is it?
A.
B.
C.
D.
C
Which are the two chemical groups that comprise alpha agonist?
I. Phenylethylamines
II. Catecholamines
III. 2-Arylimidazolines
IV. Xanthines
A. I, II
B. III, IV
C. II, III
D. I, III
D. I, III
A semisynthetic tetracycline used in SIADH
A. Minocycline
B. Tigecycline
C. Oxytetracycline
D. Demeclocycline
D. Demeclocycline
STRUCTURE
A. Hydroxylation
B. Demethylation
C. Methylation
D. A & B
E. A & C
D. A & B
Which of the following HIV drugs is also used as treatment for Hepatitis B infection
A. Azidothymidine
B. Saquinavir
C. Lamivudine
D. Efavirenz
C. Lamivudine –NRTI (Cytidine analog)
A. – Aka Zidovudine, NRTI (Thymidine analog)
B. Saquinavir –Protease Inh
D. – NNRTI
Analogs of nucleosides: N-base + pentose sugar
PurGA (Guanine, Adenine)
PyrCUT (Cytosine, [❌Uracil], Thymine)
What is the mechanism of action of Trimethoprim? (BEQ)
A. Inhibits protein synthesis
B. Competitive inhibitor for the incorporation of PABA
C. Folate reductase inhibitor
D. Destruction of bacterial cell wall
C. Folate reductase inhibitor
8-aminoquinoline antimalarial agent for radical cure for P. vivax & P. ovale & is effective in exoerythrocytic stage of malaria
A. Primaquine
B. Chloroquine
C. Amodiaquine
D. Quinine
A. Primaquine
Which is TRUE to the alkaloid Quinine Sulfate?
A. Has a sweet & pleasant taste
B. May be dissolved in water by addition of a small amount of sulfuric acid to convert it to a more soluble bisulfate
C. This alkaloid is poorly absorbed from the Gastrointestinal tract
D. It is not affected by exposure to light
B. May be dissolved in water by addition of a small amount of sulfuric acid to convert it to a more soluble bisulfate
A. [❌sweet & pleasant] (bitter)
C. [❌poorly absorbed] (readily)
D. It is [❌not] affected (darkens)
Which of the following is the major organ for drug metabolism?
A. Liver
B. Small intestine
C. Kidney
D. Lung
A. Liver
Phase I biotransformation reaction includes the following, EXCEPT?
A. Methylation
B. Hydroxylation
C. Deamination
D. Hydrolysis
A
An example of glycine conjugation pathway:
A. Phenol to Phenolsulfate
B. Benzoic acid to Hippuric acid
C. Noradrenaline to Epinephrine
D. Antabuse (Disulfiram) to 2-diethylthiocarbamic acid
B. Benzoic acid to Hippuric acid
Which of the following enzymes is involved in the process of sulfonation?
A. Sulfatases
B. Sulfotransferase
C. DT-Diaphorase
D. Monoamine Oxidases
B. Sulfotransferase
A. – Hydrolyzes SO4 conjugate
C. – Quinone oxidoreductase (2e- reduction of Quinone to Hydroquinone)
D. – (Degrades NE, Dopamine; also 5-HT)
The combination Trimethoprim & Sulfamethoxazole is also known as:
A. Cotrimoxazole
B. Clotrimazole
C. Cotrimazine
D. Miconazole
A. Cotrimoxazole – Folate antagonist (Synergistic)
C. Cotrimazine –TMP + Sulfadiazine
Which of the following combination therapy is the treatment of choice for P. carinii pneumonia (PCP)?
A. Trimethoprim & Sulfamethoxazole
B. Emetine & Dehydroemetine
C. Metronidazole & Iodoquinol
D. Pyrimethamine & Sulfadiazine
A. Trimethoprim & Sulfamethoxazole
Reactive reduction metabolites of metronidazole believed to be responsible for triggering lethal effect on the microorganism include:
I. Nitroxide
II. Nitroso
III. Hydroxylamine
IV. Iodoquinol
A. II, III, IV
B. I, II, III
C. I, III, IV
D. I, II, IV
B. I, II, III
IV. – aka Diiodohydroxyquin (Halogenated hydroxyquinoline); used w/ metronidazole as luminal amebicide
Which of the following combination therapy is most effective against Toxoplasmosis?
A. Emetine & Dehydroemetine
B. Pyrimethamine & Sulfadiazine
C. Metronidazole & Iodoquinol
D. Trimethoprim & Sulfamethoxazole
B. Pyrimethamine & Sulfadiazine
Which of the following are classified as Amebicides
I. Emetine & Dehydroemetine
II. Nitroimidazole derivatives such as Metronidazole
III. Arsenical compound: Carbarsone
IV. Dimercaprol
A. I, II, IV
B. I, III, IV
C. I, II, III
D. II, III, IV
C. I, II, III
IV. Dimercaprol – BAL (Chelating agent EXCEPT Fe, Cd, Se, Te)
Which of the following is the metabolite of the red dye prontosil responsible for antimicrobial activity?
A. Sulfamethoxazole
B. Sulfanilamide
C. Sulfacetamide
D. Sulfapyridine
B. Sulfanilamide
Derivatives of Benzylsulfonylurea are useful as?
A. Spasmolytics
B. Anti-inflammatory
C. Oral Hypoglycemics
D. Diuretics
C. Oral Hypoglycemics
Which of the following anesthetics is the most prone to hydrolysis:
A. Xylocaine
B. Lidocaine
C. Procaine
D. Prilocaine
C. Procaine – Ester local anesthetic (more prone to hydrolysis than amide)
Which of the following statements best characterize Gamma-amino butyric acid?
I. It is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
II. It is biosynthesized from Glutamic Acid
III. High levels of GABA may be linked to anxiety or mood disorder
IV. GABA is degraded by a Pyridoxal-dependent enzyme, GABA transaminase, producing Butyric acid & Succinic acid semi-aldehyde
A. II, III
B. III, IV
C. I, IV
D. I, II
D. I, II
The Structure presented above has the following as adverse effects, EXCEPT:
A. Hypotension
B. Reflex tachycardia
C. AV block
D. Two of the above
C. AV block – A/E of Non-dihydropyridine CCBs; structured presented is Nifedipine (Dihydropyridine CCB)
A & B (Hypotension and Reflex tachycardia) – Due to vasodilation
Hormones that form lipophilic esters without prior structural modifications include:
I. Hydrocortisone
II. Testosterone
III. Progesterone
A. If I only is correct
B. If III only is correct
C. If I & II are correct
D. If II & III are correct
C. If I & II are correct
I. – (21 OH) Acetate
II. – (17 OH) Propionate
III. – No Alcohol grp; can’t form ester
Insulin preparations that contain a modifying protein include:
I. Insulin Glargine
II. Regular Insulin
III. Isophane Insulin
A. If I only is correct
B. If III only is correct
C. If I & II are correct
D. If II & III are correct
B. If III only is correct
Conditions that tend to increase the action of an orally administered drug that undergoes Phase II metabolism include:
I. Enterohepatic recirculation
II. Enzyme saturation
III. First pass effect
A. If I only is correct
B. If III only is correct
C. If I & II are correct
D. If II & III are correct
C. If I & II are correct
I. Enterohepatic (Re)circulation –Glucuronide (non-polar) reabsorption
Which of the following statements concerning CYP450 are correct?
I. The CYP7, CYP11 & CYP27 subfamilies are involved in Cholesterol metabolism
II. A single drug may be metabolized by multiple isoforms of CYP450
III. The majority of Xenobiotics, or drugs, are metabolized by CYP4B & CYP1A subfamilies
A. If I only is correct
B. If III only is correct
C. If I & II are correct
D. If II & III are correct
C. If I & II are correct
Metabolic reactions likely to be affected by protein-deficient diet include/s:
I. Glycine Conjugation
II. Hydrolysis
III. Glucuronidation
A. If I only is correct
B. If III only is correct
C. If I & II are correct
D. If II & III are correct
A. If I only is correct
Structure of Meperidine
Functional groups present in Meperidine
I. Ester
II. Tertiary Amine
III. Carboxylic acid
A. If I only is correct
B. If III only is correct
C. If I & II are correct
D.If II & III are correct
C. If I & II are correct
Meperidine is classified as:
I. Weak Acid
II. Salt
III. Weak Base
A. If I only is correct
B. If III only is correct
C. If I & II are correct
D. If II & III are correct
B. If III only is correct
Assuming that Meperidine is absorbed after oral administration & that a large percentage of the dose is excreted unchanged, the effect of alkalinization of the urine will increase its:
I. Duration of Action
II. Rate of Excretion
III. Ionization in the Glomerular Filtrate
A. If I only is correct
B. If III only is correct
C. If I & II are correct
D. If II & III are correct
A. If I only is correct
II. – Decrease
III. – Decrease
*A+A/ B+B -> LUNA: Lipophilic, Unionized, Non-polar, Absorbed; Decr. GFR/ Excretion -> Incr DOA
Which of the following indicators can be used in the titration of Quinine?
I. Bromophenol Blue pKa = 4.0
II. Methyl Red pKa = 5.1
III. Cresol Red pKa = 8.3
IV. Chlorophenol Blue pKa = 6.0
A. I, IV
B. II, III
C. II, IV
D. I, II
D. I, II
Phytopharmaceutical compounds:
I. Atropine
II. Colchicine
III. Curcumin
IV. Digoxin
V. Gingerol
VI. Eugenol
VII. Hesperidin
VIII. Quinine
Which of the listed phytopharmaceuticals are classified as alkaloids?
A. I, II, IV, VIII
B. I, IV, VII, VIII
C. III, IV, V, VIII
A. I, II, IV, VIII
I. Atropine – Tropane alkaloid
II. Colchicine – Protoalkaloid (No heterocyclic ring; N-atom outside the ring)
III. Curcumin – Aromatic polyketide
IV. Digoxin – Cardiac glycoside
V. Gingerol – Aromatic polyketide
VI. Eugenol – Phenylpropene
VII. Hesperidin – & Rutin; Flavonol glycoside
VIII. Quinine –Quinoline alkaloid
Which of the following will develop a green color which turns slowly to dark green blue coloration, when an aliquot portion of the residue obtained by dissolving the unknown in hot methanol is treated with ferric chloride TS? (BEQ)
A. Hesperidin
B. Atropine
C. Digoxin
D. Quinine
A. Hesperidin – Flavonol glycoside (Non-hydrolysable/ condensed tannins)
B. – Vitali-Morin test (KOH). (+) Violet
D. – & Quinidine. Thalleioquin test (Br TS). (+) Emerald green
