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OB GYN > M1: Development of Placenta > Flashcards

M1: Development of Placenta Flashcards

0
Q

Is dependent on the placenta for pulmonary, hepatic and renal functions

A

Fetus

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1
Q

Early trophoblast formation

A

Implantation

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2
Q

Maternal blood spurts from ___________ into the placental __________ and bathes the outer _________.

A

Uteroplacental vessels. Intervillous space. Syncytiotrophoblasts.

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3
Q

Fetal and maternal blood are not mixed in this

A

Hemochorial placenta

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4
Q

There is a _______ system that links mother and fetus

A

Paracrine

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5
Q

Juxtaposition of the maternal decidua _______ and the extraembryonic chorion laeve.

A

Parietalis

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6
Q

Human placental formation begins with the

A

Trophoectoderm (morula)

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7
Q

Plays a critical part at the fetal maternal interface. Invasiveness promotes implantation. Nutritional role for the conceptus and maternal physiological adaptations, pregnancy maintenance.

A

Trophoblasts

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8
Q

Differentiation occurs ______ postfertilization.

A

8th day

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9
Q

Outer multinucleated

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

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10
Q

Inner, mononuclear. Germinal cells for syncytium. Well-demarcated cell border, single nucleus, undergoes DNA synthesis and mitosis.

A

Cytotrophoblast

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11
Q

Villous trophoblast: transports O2, nutrients

A

Chorionic villi

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12
Q

Migrates into decidua, myometrium. Penetrates maternal vasculature.

A

Extravillous trophoblasts

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13
Q

Extravillous trophoblasts: interstitial bed giant cells

A

Interstitial trophoblast

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14
Q

Extravillous trophoblasts: spiral artery lumen

A

Endovascular trophoblast

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15
Q

Low resistance blood flow

A

Spiral arteries

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16
Q

Invade, transforms spiral arteries.

A

Endovascular trophoblasts

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17
Q

Invade the decidua. Surrounds spiral arteries.

A

Interstitial trophoblasts

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18
Q

Day in which blastocyst is enclosed in EM

A

10th day

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19
Q

As the embryo enlarges, more maternal decidua basalis is invaded by _________.

A

Syncytiotrophoblasts

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20
Q

System of intercommunicating channels. Filled with maternal blood.

A

Trophoblastic lacunae

21
Q

Formation of trophoblastic lacunae

A

12th day

22
Q

Solid 1° villi. Cytotrophoblast core plus syncytiotrophoblasts.

A

Extravillous cytotrophoblast

23
Q

Other name for cytotrophoblasts

A

Langhans cells

24
Q

Solid cellular columns

A

Primary villous stalks

25
Q

Trophoblasts lined channels

A

Intervillous space

26
Q

Fusion of amnionic and primary chorionic plate mesenchyme

A

Chronic plate formed

27
Q

Chronic plate formed at what week

A

8-10 weeks

28
Q

Mesenchyme invasion

A

Secondary villi

29
Q

Secondary villi at what week

A

12th day

30
Q

Angiogenesis occurs in

A

Tertiary villi

31
Q

Maternal blood in intervillous space is seen in what day

A

15th day

32
Q

Fetal blood vessels are functional. Placental circulation established. Fetal-placental circulation: embryonic vessels connected with chorionic vessels. What day

A

17th day

33
Q

Contact between the trophoblasts & maternal blood

A

Hemochorial placenta

34
Q

1st trimester, continuous layer of CTB.

A

Hemodichorial

35
Q

Term, scattered cells. Nutrient & Oxygen function.

A

Hemomonochrial

36
Q

Villi over entire chronic membrane

A

Early pregnancy

37
Q

Leafy chorion. Villi in contact with decidua basalis.

A

Chorion frondosum

38
Q

Smooth chorion. Avascular, abuts decidua parietalis. Maternal regulation.

A

Chorion laeve

39
Q

Lack cytotoxic functions. Dampens inflammatory T(H)17 cells

A

Decidual Natural killer cells

40
Q

Prevents NK cells from recognizing & destroying fetal cells

A

Decidual macrophage

41
Q

Promotes decidual invasion toward spiral arteries

A

IL-8 & Interferon-inducible protein 10

42
Q

Highly invasive. Inner 1/3 of myometrium. Has proteolytic enzymes & MMP-9.

A

Extravillous trophoblasts

43
Q

Digests ECM. Proteases.

A

Proteolytic enzymes

44
Q

Critical for human trophoblast invasion

A

MMP-9

45
Q

Less invasive. __________ secrete insulin-like growth factor binding protein type 4. Inhibits. Increasing estradiol levels repress.

A

Late pregnancy. Decidual cells

46
Q

Fetal origin

A

Trophoblasts

47
Q

Major portion of the placental bed. Penetrate the decidua and adjacent myometrium. Vessel preparation for endovascular TB invasion.

A

Interstitial

48
Q

Penetrate spiral artery. Destroy vascular epithelium. Against arterial flow.

A

Endovascular

49
Q

One month after exposure. Intervillous space. Fountain-like burst from spiral arteries. Villus branching. Arborize, ending freely in intervillous space.

A

Maternal blood flow

OB GYN (5 decks)

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