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OB GYN > M1: Anatomy of Female Repro > Flashcards

M1: Anatomy of Female Repro Flashcards

0
Q

Anterior to perineum

A

Pubic symphysis

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1
Q

Diamond shaped. Inferior to pelvic outlet. Pelvic diaphragm separates from pelvic cavity.

A

Perineum

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2
Q

Anterolateral to perineum

A

Inferior pubic rami & ischial rami

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3
Q

Lateral to perineum

A

Ischial tuberosity

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4
Q

Posterolateral to perineum

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

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5
Q

Inferior to perineum

A

Sacrum & coccyx

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6
Q

Fibro fatty cushion. Anterior and superior to the symphysis pubis(bony fibrocartilage). Divides & joins labia majora. Covered by hair, triangle-shaped.

A

Mons pubis

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7
Q

Sweat and sebaceous gland, few specialized apocrine glands. Round ligament attachment. Venous plexus, trauma then hematoma.

A

Labia majora

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8
Q

Homologue of labia majora

A

Scrotum

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9
Q

Pain felt at the vulva when the baby kicks may be due to what

A

Round ligament being hit

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10
Q

Force applied to the perineum as manifested by a lump on the area affected

A

Saddle Injury

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11
Q

Hematoma on the labia majora can also be caused by

A

Deep lacerations not properly repaired, breech and forceps delivery

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12
Q

Smaller and more delicate. No hair. Sebaceous glands and a few sweat glands. Richly vascular & many nerve endings. Divide the superior & inferior parts.

A

Labia minora

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13
Q

Superior to labia minora

A

Prepuce & Frenulum

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14
Q

Inferior to the labia minora

A

Fourchette

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15
Q

Homologue of labia minora

A

Penile urethra

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16
Q

Tested when an examiner cannot retract the vaginal orifice d/t hypoestrogenic state. Usually occurs in young age and post menopausal women, treated by estrogenic creams. Caused by infections that are not properly treated that heal to and fuse together.

A

Labial Agglutination

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17
Q

Vascular plexus(erectile tissue) central corpus with two crura (_________) inferior rami of the pubis. 1.5-2cm Highly developed nerve supply & extremely sensitive.

A

Clitoris. Corpora cavernosa.

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18
Q

Muscle cover of clitoris

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

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19
Q

Muscle root of clitoris

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle

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20
Q

For assessment of ambiguous genitalia, you have to _______ the clitoris to look for a vaginal opening for sex confirmation.

A

Retract

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21
Q

Enclosed by labia majora. Urethra, vagina, paired bartholin & skenes glands. Lower part of the urogenital sinus. _______ position is Bartholins gland.

A

Vestibule. 5/7

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22
Q

Smooth and palpable upon palpation. It is usually treated by incision & drainage then suturing is done.

A

Bartholin’s cyst or abscess

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23
Q

Bouncy upon palpation

A

Imperforate hymen

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24
Q

Commonly termed as the virginal hymen

A

Annular hymen

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25
Q

May signify that there is a forced penetration

A

Presence of lacerations (erythematous, not perfectly round)

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26
Q

After sexual assault it appears ________, ________ and may be seem with _______.

A

Edematous. Erythematous. Blood.

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27
Q

Has hymenal tags evidence of having delivered through NSD.

A

Parous introitus hymen

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28
Q

Urinary orifice. 1-1.5cm below the clitoris. Covered by labia minora. Pink & not protuberant.

A

Urethral meatus

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29
Q

Protuberant & erythematous urethral meatus

A

Urethral prolapse

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30
Q

Membranous tube. 3-5cm. Two lining epithelium depending on location.

A

Urethra

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31
Q

Proximal 2/3 of urethra

A

Stratified transitional epithelium

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32
Q

Distal 1/3 of urethra

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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33
Q

In females, in insertion of FC, it is enough that a primary healthcare provider should insert up until _______ knowing the fact that the urethral canal of a woman is usually ________.

A

3-5cm. 4-5cm.

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34
Q

Fibromuscular tube. Posterior wall is 9cm while anterior wall is 7cm. Walls are apposed by cervix. Vaginal vault has 4 fornices (posterior, anterior & two lateral) mucosal and muscular layer. Functions for sexual intercourse, labor and menstrual flow.

A

Vagina

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35
Q

Anterior peritoneal reflection of the ________ and upper posterior vaginal wall.

A

Pouch of Douglas

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36
Q

Separates middle third of vagina from rectum

A

Rectovaginal septum

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37
Q

Midline of the vagina

A

Urethra

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38
Q

Anterior to vagina

A

Bladder

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39
Q

Vagina opens into the

A

Vestibule

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40
Q

Lateral part of the vagina is for the attachment of the

A

Cardinal ligaments

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41
Q

Whitish secretion in the vagina. Normal or not?

A

Still normal

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42
Q

By the virtue of gravity any discharge from the cervix will pool on the posterior fornix, the peritoneal cavity could be accessed theough the posterior fornix which when punctures will lead to the

A

Pouch of Douglas

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43
Q

Two triangles of the perineum

A

Anal & Urogenital triangle

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44
Q

Stretches between the two sides of the pubic arch and covers the anterior part of the oulet

A

Perineal membrane

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45
Q

Is an irregular fibromuscular mass located between the anal canal and the perineal membrane

A

Perineal body

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46
Q

Contains the external genitalia in females. Posterior portion.

A

Urogenital triangle

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47
Q

Origin of urogenital triangle

A

Urogenital sinus

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48
Q

Contains the anus. Anterior portion.

A

Anal triangle

49
Q

Proper wiping after urination

A

Front to back

50
Q

Muscular layer. Inferior border of the abdominal-pelvic cavity. From the pubic bone to the coccyx and between the pelvic walls.

A

Pelvic floor/Diaphragm

51
Q

Main muscle of the perineum. Floor of the pelvis and roof of the perineum.

A

Levator ani

52
Q

Most significant component of the levator ani and has attachments to the urethra, rectum and vagina which all pass through it.

A

Pubococcygeus

53
Q

For flexing of the coccyx and constricting the rectum and vagina

A

Levator ani

54
Q

Supports the pelvic and abdominal viscera, including the bladder.

A

Pubococcygeus

55
Q

Forms a sling around anorectal junction

A

Puborectalis

56
Q

Mass of muscular tissue. Between anal canal & lower 1/3. Covered with skin. From the fourchette of anus. Insertion of the superficial perineal muscles. Bounded above by the __________.

A

Perineal body. Levatorani muscles.

57
Q

Three parts of the Levator ani

A

Pubococcygeus, Puborectalis & Iliococcygeus

58
Q

Body of the pubis, the tendinous arch of the obturator fascia and the ischial spine then perineal body, the coccyx, the anococcygeal ligament, the walls of the vagina, the rectum and the anal canal.

A

Levator ani

59
Q

Levator ani is innervated by the nerve to levator ani from _____ a d the inferior anal (rectal) nerve (from _______) and the coccygeal plexus.

A

S4. S2-S4.

60
Q

Support the pelvic viscera. Raise the pelvic floor and assist the abdominal muscles in forced expiration activities.

A

Levator ani

61
Q

Enclosed by bony, ligamentous and muscular wall. Contains the urinary bladder, ureters, pelvic genital organs, rectum, blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.

A

Pelvic cavity

62
Q

Inferior pelvic aperture

A

Pelvic outlet

63
Q

Superior pelvic aperture

A

Pelvic inlet

64
Q

Abdominal viscera(ileum & sigmoid colon) boundaries are abdominal wall anteriorly, iliac fossa posterolaterally and L5 S1 vertebrae posteriorly. False pelvis.

A

Pelvis Major (Greater)

65
Q

Pelvic viscera has urinary bladder and reproductive organs. Boundaries are pelvic surfaces of the hip bones, sacrum and coccyx. Limited inferiorly by the musculofascial pelvic diaphragm. True pelvis.

A

Pelvis Minor (Lesser)

66
Q

Landmark that separates the true & false pelvis

A

Linea terminalis(inferior pelvic border)

67
Q

Pelvic walls & floors: hip bones and the obturator internus muscle

A

Lateral pelvic wall

68
Q

Pelvic walls & floors: formed by the sacrum and coccyx, adjacent parts of the ilia, and the S-I joints; piriformis muscle covers the area.

A

Posterior pelvic wall

69
Q

Pelvic walls & floors: pubic bone and the pubis symphysis

A

Anterior pelvic wall

70
Q

Type of episiotomy that predisposes a patient to rectovaginal fistulas. If not properly sutured woman cannot control her bowel movement.

A

Medial/Midline Episiotomy

71
Q

A pear shaped, thick walled muscular organ. Situated between bladder & rectum. ____cm long, ____cm wide & _____cm thick. Body(corpus) or cervix. Ratio in adult 2:1, infant 1:2 & child 1:1.

A

Uterus. 7-8. 4-5. 2-3.

72
Q

A transitional zone between body and cervix. Special obstetrical significance (lower uterine segment) Internal orifice (os)

73
Q

Superior 2/3 of the uterus

74
Q

Body of uterus is lined with

A

Endometrium

75
Q

The widest place of the corpus

76
Q

Inferior 1/3 of the uterus. Supravaginal portion. External cervical os. Has a squamocolumnar junction.

77
Q

The cervical canal is covered by

A

Columnar epithelium

78
Q

The surface of vaginal portion is covered by

A

Squamous epithelium

79
Q

Can have pregnancy but it is prone to preterm delivery

A

Uterine septa

80
Q

In uterine septa, specimen should be cut in a ________.

81
Q

Oval shaped. 2.5-5cm long, 1.5-3cm wide & 0.7-1.5cm thick. White in appearance. Covered by ___________ epithelium. No peritoneum. Has a cortex and medulla. Its ligament contains vessels & nerves.

82
Q

Superior tubal end of ovary is connected to lateral wall of pelvis by __________ of the ovary (infundibulum ligament) where ovarian vessels traverse.

A

Suspensory ligament

83
Q

Ligament of ovary connects _________ of ovary to the lateral angle of uterus.

A

Inferior uterine end

84
Q

Attach the posteroanterior layer of the broad ligament, connected with suspensory ligament.

A

Mesovarium

85
Q

At birth ____ follicles are capable of maturation.

86
Q

Origin of the ovary

A

Germinal epithelium

87
Q

Composed of vessels, nerves and lymphatics that enter the ovary.

88
Q

Development of ovary, intermediate _______. Ovaries migrate caudally, retain position near kidney.

89
Q

Innervation of ovary, sympathetic is similar to hindgut, level T12’ follows least _________. Parasympathetic is _____ outflow.

A

Splanchnic nerve. Sacral.

90
Q

Arterial supply of ovary

A

Ovarian artery & branch of abdominal aorta

91
Q

Venous drainage of the ovary

A

Ovarian vein & into IVC & renal vein

92
Q

Produce ova in regular cycle determined by hormonal secretions.

93
Q

Functions of ovarian hormones and their secretion of ____ & ____ from _________.

A

FSH & LH. Anterior Pituitary Gland.

94
Q

Without sonology, what parts of the gynecological examination can determine the presence of a uterus.

A

IE & Speculum

95
Q

Interstitium, isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum. Lined by single layer of _______ cells. No submucosa.

A

Fallopian tube. Columnar.

96
Q

Implantation of fetus to other parts other than the uterus

A

Ectopic pregnancy

97
Q

Five pairs of ligaments in the Fallopian tube

A

Cardinal, Round, Uterosacral, Broad & Infundibulopelvic Ligaments “CRUBI”

98
Q

Attaches the anterior-inferiorly to uterotubal junctions, pass in the broad ligaments, end in labia majora. They help to keep uterus in the position of anteversion.

A

Round ligament

99
Q

Arise from the side of the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall, provide minimal support. Double folded peritoneum not an actual ligament.

A

Broad ligament

100
Q

Extend from cervix and lateral parts of vaginal fornix to lateral walls of pelvis. Chief means of support and suspends the uterus from the lateral walls of the pelvis minor.

A

Cardinal ligament

101
Q

Arise from the sacral fascia, and insert to the posteroinferior portion of the uterus at about the level of the isthmus. They provide important support for the uterus. Posterior of the uterus.

A

Uterosacral ligament

102
Q

Aka suspensory ligament of the ovary, ovarian artery.

A

Infundibulopelvic ligament

103
Q

How can you determine the anterior and posterior aspect of the ovary

A

Through the round ligament

104
Q

Arises from the common iliac artery anterior to sacroiliac joint. Supplies perineum, glutal region & pelvic organs and walls. Divided into anterior and posterior.

A

Internal iliac artery/hypogastric artery

105
Q

The chief source of the blood for the ovaries

A

Ovarian artery

106
Q

Supplies ovarian, tubal and fundal. Cervical-vaginal branch.

A

Uterine artery

107
Q

Main source of blood for the middle part of the vagina

A

Vaginal artery

108
Q

Supply for superficial perineum, labia majora, minora, lower part of the vagina & clitoris.

A

Internal pudendal artery

109
Q

Receive surround internal iliac vessels. Afferents from pelvic viscera, perineum, buttock and back of thigh.

A

Internal iliac lymph node

110
Q

Lie along external iliac artery. Receive afferents from lower limb and some parts of the pelvic viscera.

A

External iliac lymph nodes

111
Q

Lie along common iliac artery. Receive afferents from all above nodes. Efferents pass to lumbar lymph node.

A

Common iliac lymph node

112
Q

A malignancy on the lower 1/3 of the genitalia will have palpable lymph node on the

A

Inguinal area

113
Q

Sympathetic nerve are derived from plexus

A

Sacral & Ovarian plexuses

114
Q

Obstetric local anesthesia (p block)

A

Pudendal nerve

115
Q

The nerve of external genitalia is divided into three branches beside tuberosity

A

Inferior hemorrhoid nerve, Dorsal nerve & Perineal nerve

116
Q

Urinary organs in the pelvis

117
Q

Muscular smooth tubes running from kidneys to bladder. _______ cm long.

A

Ureters. 25-30.

118
Q

A hollow container surrounded by a strong smooth muscular wall. Temporary reservoir of urine.

119
Q

How can you identify the ureter intraoperatively.

A

Pinching or compressing the white structure, peristalsis will occur.

OB GYN (5 decks)

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