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BIOETHICS > M1: Basic Ethical Questions > Flashcards

M1: Basic Ethical Questions Flashcards

0
Q

Three elements of Human Act that are necessary to make it responsible

A

Awareness/Knowledge, Volition & Execution “AVE”

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1
Q

Usually reserved for acts that proceed from a deliberate will. Rational, Voluntary and therefore free.

A

Human Act

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2
Q

One has to _____ or to _____ to act. In order to act responsibly, the act should be ______.

A

Will. Want. Voluntary.

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3
Q

Perform a good or an indifferent act that can trigger evil consequences

A

Double effect

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4
Q

Aspects of matter in Double Effect Principle (when in doubt)

A

Certainty & uncertainty of the good & the evil effects, Necessity or degree of advisability of the act in bringing good effects and Influence & relation of the act with the evil effect.

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5
Q

Obstacles or difficulties that are frequently encountered in moral behavior

A

Impediments

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6
Q

Examples of Impediments

A

Fear, Violence, Customs, Habits, Ignorance and Passion “FV CHIP”

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7
Q

Have some bearing, albeit indirect, on the free human act.

A

Remote Impediments

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8
Q

Example of Remote Impediments

A

Pathologic(Neurosis & Epilepsy), Temperament, Age, Genetic traits, & Sex “P TAGS”

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9
Q

Performed by man

A

Human acts

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10
Q

Man can know what he is by using ______ alone. However, the best guarantee to go about this well is to adhere to what _____ has revealed.

A

Reason. God.

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11
Q

Noblest of all creatures. Marvelous unity of rationality and animality.

A

Man

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12
Q

Is a dynamic reality characterized by a natural tendency towards an end and a rational knowledge of that end.

A

Human nature

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13
Q

Is a living being composed of matter and spirit. Body and Soul.

A

Man

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14
Q

Man being a corporeal and spiritual creature, is ______ and _______.

A

Rational and Free

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15
Q

The individual human soul is

A

Immortal

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16
Q

Everything on earth should be ordained to man as its _______ and _______.

A

Center & Summit

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17
Q

Man is a

A

Social being

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18
Q

Man is a creature made in the

A

Image of God

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19
Q

The human person is ________. This is the origin of human rights and duties.

A

Sacred

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20
Q

Has redeemed man

A

Jesus Christ

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21
Q

Judges a concrete act as good or evil

A

Conscience

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22
Q

First principles of the moral order

A

Do good and avoid evil

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23
Q

Conscience does not arbitrarily determine good or evil. Rather it judges in accord with a norm of morality that has been given to it; and this norm is called the

A

Natural Law

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24
Q

To act in conscience is not merely a question of being certain and firm in coming up with a decision

A

Certain conscience

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25
Q

Conscience validates one’s judgement of conscience against the moral norm

A

Correct/True conscience

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26
Q

Christians can know the Moral Law through

A

Faith and Reason

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27
Q

Spiritual faculty of man

A

Moral conscience

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28
Q

Catholic Theology affirms the immediate and proximate norm of human acts is the

A

Judgment of conscience

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29
Q

Interpreter of an interior and superior norm than an arbiter of morality

A

Conscience

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30
Q

Supreme norm of morality

A

Divine Law

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31
Q

A judge of how the law is correctly applied to a specific action

A

Conscience

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32
Q

Must complement

A

Conscience and Law

33
Q

Acts with an invincibly erroneous conscience commits no sin, even if he commits something wrong.

A

Invincible error

34
Q

Subjective and proximate norm of morality

A

Conscience

35
Q

Objective norm of morality

A

Moral Law

36
Q

Constitutes the body of duties that God has imposed on man, and which man can know through reason.

A

Natural Law

37
Q

Basic principle of moral life

A

Do good. Avoid evil.

38
Q

Imprinted in the hearts of all human being

A

Ultimate end

39
Q

Simply states that the nature of man, and its precepts express the kind of behavior that is proper to man as such

A

Natural Law

40
Q

In the Summa Theologica, St. Thomas Aquinas explains that man has three fundamental tendencies called

A

Appetites

41
Q

Summa Theologica three fundamental tendencies

A

Material substance, Animal being and Rational being

42
Q

Need the help of moral science, which deduces, without resorting to complex reasoning, concrete and basic principles of natural law. This is a general principle.

A

Primary Principles of Natural Law

43
Q

Upholds International Law which acknowledges the dignity of persons as the foundation of international relations

A

Universality of the Natural Law

44
Q

Natural Law does not change in the course of history because it expresses the deepest, unchanging tendencies of man’s being. Permanent value, independent of the circumstances of time and place.

A

Immutable

45
Q

Can the Natural Law change?

A

No

46
Q

These are specifically Human

A

Intellect & Will

47
Q

Stated that what distinguishes men of different eras are mere accidental features

A

Cardinal Danielou

48
Q

It reduces human behavior to mere stimulus-response.

A

Neo-behaviorist theory

49
Q

Distinctive characteristic of human nature

A

Freedon

50
Q

Confirms what personal experience cannot deny

A

Faith

51
Q

Purposely shirk responsibility by refusing to know what they ought to know

A

Culpably ignorant

52
Q

Property of human will. Has close links with responsibility. It is not absolute.

A

Freedom

53
Q

To be completely free, the human person needs the help of others, most especially that if God.

A

Conditioned freedom

54
Q

Come hand in hand. Cannot be independent of each other.

A

Freedom & Responsibility

55
Q

Man acquires through the practice of moral virtues

A

Moral freedom

56
Q

Is a unique element of human acts. The dignity of human nature which is spiritual and free demands it.

A

Morality

57
Q

Law of Christians

A

Law of God

58
Q

Conformity of human act with the moral norms

A

Morality

59
Q

Three elements of human act. Sources of morality.

A

Act itself, End or Intention and Circumstances

60
Q

Is the primary and essential element because it is what the act itself pursues. Independent of the intention of the subject at the moment of acting.

A

Object

61
Q

Can become good or bad depending on the intention with which these are carried out.

A

Indifferent acts

62
Q

Principal goal or objective of the doer of the act. Without it the act will never be performed.

A

End or Intention

63
Q

Accidental aspects of the object or of the intention of an act.

A

Circumstances

64
Q

First condition for an act to be good is the the

A

Object must be good

65
Q

The error of thinking that a good intention suffices to make an act morally good is called

A

Situational ethics

66
Q

The morality of an act is primarily determined by the intention of the doer and or by the circumstance when the object is

A

Morally indifferent

67
Q

Can increase or decrease the goodness or malice of an act but cannot convert a good act into something bad or vice versa.

A

Circumstances

68
Q

Broader perspective of the Natural Law

A

Do good and do not influence others to do evil

69
Q

Is a voluntary act that contributes to the evil act of another

A

Positive cooperation

70
Q

Constitutes an omission, that is, allowing someone to perform evil act without doing anything to stop him by means of some warning or advice.

A

Negative cooperation

71
Q

Happens when one either openly or secretly consents to tye evil act of another

A

Formal cooperation

72
Q

Constitutes a physical assistance to an act, but without willing or consenting to it.

A

Material cooperation

73
Q

Performed within and simultaneously with the evil act

A

Immediate cooperation

74
Q

Happens when one provides the means that another person to do an evil act.

A

Mediate cooperation

75
Q

One can have greater or lesser physical or moral proximity to cooperating with the evil act of another

A

Proximate & Remote cooperation

76
Q

A person who orders a murder and hands the weapon to the assassin is the

A

Proximate collaborator

77
Q

The store clerk who sold the weapon to the assassin is a

A

Remote collaborator

78
Q

Inciting others to do evil is a sin called

A

Scandal

79
Q

Always illicit because to express approval of the evil act of another encourages not only the evil action but also the intention of the doer of that action

A

Formal cooperation

BIOETHICS (4 decks)

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