M1 - Abdo Pain

Question 1

Abdominal pain is a common complaint seen by paramedics and may be the result of either an _____ ____ ____ or ____ (_____ ____ - Protocol ___)

Answer 1

Underlying medical condition
Trauma
Abdominal Trauma - T22

Question 2

The ____ of abdominal pain may be very difficult as patients can present with ___-____ pain or with ____/_____ symptoms, which may represent a ____ underlying condition, such as ____, ____ (‘____’) ____, or ____ ____ with underlying ___ ____.

Answer 2

Assessment
Non-specific
Diverse/vague
Serious
Appendicitis; ureteric (‘renal’) colic; blunt trauma; blood loss

Question 3

Paramedics must maintain a high level of _____ with ____ patients of ____ ____ ___ as ____ ____ may be the cause and with patients ____ years of age who are at risk of ____ ____, ____ ____, ____ ____ ___. All of these presenting problems are ____ ____ requiring further assessment and treatment in ____.

The ____, _____, ____, and ____ of the pain and ____ symptoms may point to the possible cause.

Answer 3

Suspicion
Female; child bearing age; ectopic pregnancy
>65; mesenteric ischaemia; ruptured aneurysm; ruptured hollow organ
Medical emergencies; ED
History, location, onset, nature; associated

Question 4

Treatment

1. ___ ___ (__)
2. ___ management (__)
3. Treat associated conditions (if indicated):
   
   • _____ (__)
   • ____ ____/____ (___)
   • _____ & ____ (__)
   • ____ ____ (__)
4. Urgent transport (__) is essential for ____ ____ (___) and ___ ____ (especially in ____)
5. Regularly ____ and ____ ABCD physical examinations and physiological observations in order to identify ___ in ____ ____

Answer 4

1. Patient care (A2)
2. Pain (A6)
3. Dehydration (M8); Medical hypoperfusion/hypovolaemia (M25); Nausea & Vomiting (M6); Abdominal trauma (T22)
4. (A8); hypovolaemic shock (M25); unrelieved pain; children
5. Repeat; document; trends; clinical deterioration