Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biostatistics > M1 > Flashcards

M1 Flashcards

1
Q

branch of mathematics that deals with the scientific collection, organization, presentation, analysis and interpretation of numerical data in order to obtain useful and meaningful information

A

Statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Statistics is branch of mathematics that deals with the scientific _________, _________, ________, _________, __________ of numerical data in
order to obtain useful and meaningful information

A

collection,
organization, presentation, analysis and interpretation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

specialized subset of statistics that focuses on the collection, analysis,
presentation, and interpretation of data specifically for biology, medicine, and
health-related fields.

A

Biostatistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

refers to the process of obtaining information

A

collection of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

refers to the ascertaining manner of presenting the
data in tables, graphs or charts so that logical and statistical conclusions
can be drawn from the collected measurements

A

organization of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

refers to the process of extracting from the given data
relevant information from which numerical description can be formulated

A

analysis of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

refers to the process of extracting from the given data
relevant information from which numerical description can be formulated

A

analysis of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

refers to the task of drawing conclusions from the
analyzed data

A

interpretation of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

characteristic or attribute that can assume different values

A

variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Values (measurements or observations) that the variables can assunme

A

data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Values (measurements or observations) that the variables can assunme

A

data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

two major areas of statistics

A

descriptive
inferential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

two major areas of statistics

A

descriptive
inferential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Statistical method concerned with describing the properties and characteristics of a set of data

A

descriptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Statistical method concerned with describing the properties and characteristics of a set of data

A

descriptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

consists of the collection, organization, summarization and presentation of data

A

descriptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

descriptive statistics consists of the:

A

collection
organization
summarization
presentation of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Statistical method concerned with analysis of a sample data leading to prediction, inferences, interpretation or conclusion about entire population

A

Inferential Statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Statistical method concerned with analysis of a sample data leading to prediction, inferences, interpretation or conclusion about entire population

A

Inferential Statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing estimations of hypothesis tests, determining relationships among variables and making predictions

A

inferential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • universe
  • entire set of people or objects of interest
A

population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

snakker number of the people or objects that exist within the larger population

A

sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

numerical characteristic of the population

A

parameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

measured characteristics of the sample

A

statistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Also referred to as attributes

A

Qualitative Variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Tyoes of variables

A

Quantitative
QUalitative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Enable us how much of something is possessed, not just whether it is possessed

A

QUantitative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

takes only certain values along an interval, with the possible values having gaps between them

A

discrete quanti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

can take on a value at any point along an interval

A

continuous quanti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

uses numbers only for the purpose of identifying
membership in a group or category

A

nominal level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

assigning a numerical value to a variable

A

Nominal level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

numbers represent “greater than” or “less than”
measurements, such as preferences or rankings

A

ordinal level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

not only includes “greater than” or “less than” relationships,
but also has a unit of measurement that permits us how
much more or less the object possesses than another

A

interval level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

similar to interval, but has an absolute zero and multiples
are meaningful

A

ratio level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Classsifies data into mutually exclusive(non overlapping) exhausting
categories in which no order or ranking can be exposed on the data

A

nominal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Classsifies data into mutually exclusive(non overlapping) exhausting
categories in which no order or ranking can be exposed on the data

A

nominal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Classsifies data into categories that can be ranked; however, precise
differences between ranks do not exist

A

ordinal

38
Q

Rankss data and precise differences between units of measure do exist;
however, there is no meaningful zero

A

interval

39
Q

Po ssesses all the characteristics of interval measurement, and there exists
a true zero. In addition, true ratios exist when the same variable is measured
on two different members of the population

A

Ratio

40
Q

Examples of interval

A

IQ
Temperature

41
Q
  • branch of statistics responsible for interpreting the scientific data that is generated in the
    health sciences, including the public health sphere
A

biostatistics

42
Q

-the goal is to disentangle the data received and make valid inferences that can be used to
solve problems in public health

A

biostatistics

43
Q

-uses the application of statistical methods to conduct research in the areas of biology, public
health, and medicine

A

biostatistics

44
Q

Biostatistics has made major contributions to our understanding of countless public health
issues, such as:

A

• Chronic diseases
• Cancer
• Human growth and development
• The relationship between genetics and the environment
• AIDS
• Environmental health (the impact and monitoring of)

45
Q

Specialists of data evaluations

A

biostatisticians

46
Q

take complex, mathematical findings of clinical trials and research-related data and translate
them into valuable information that is used to make public health decisions

A

Biostatisticians

47
Q

take complex, mathematical findings of clinical trials and research-related data and translate
them into valuable information that is used to make public health decisions

A

Biostatisticians

48
Q

-work is also required in government agencies and legislative offices, where research is often
used to influence change at the policy-making level

A

biostatisticians

49
Q

-work is also required in government agencies and legislative offices, where research is often
used to influence change at the policy-making level

A

biostatisticians

50
Q

Biostatisticians use________ to enhance _______ and bridge the gap between theory and practice

A

mathematics; science

51
Q

Responsibilities of a biostatisticians

A

Designing and conducting experiments related to health, emergency management, and
safety
• Collecting and analyzing data to improve current public health programs and identify
problems and solutions in the public health sector
• Interpreting the results of their findings

52
Q

T/F

THE validity of their research results depends on how well they can make meaningful generalizations and how well they can reproduce and apply descriptive method

A

F

experimental method

53
Q

refer to those generated by a researcher for a specific problem or decision at hand

A

primary data

54
Q

have been gathered by someone else for some other purpose

A

secondary data

55
Q

Methods of collecting primary data

A

SURVEY
DIRECT OBSERVATION
EXPERIMENTS

56
Q

TYPES OF SURVEYS

A

SELF-ADMINISTERED OR MAIL SURVEY
PERSONAL INTERVIEW
TELEPHONE INTERVIEW

57
Q

Solicit information from people concerning such things as their income, family size and opinions on various issues

A

SURVEYS

58
Q

Relies on watching or listening then counting or measuring

A

DIRECT OBSERCATION

59
Q

Purpose is to identify cause-and-effect between variables

A

Experiments

60
Q

Mailed questionnaire typically accompanied by a cover letter and a postage- paid
return envelope for the respondent’s conveniece

A

Self-Administered or Mail Survey

61
Q

Tends to be relatively expensive but offers a lot of flex

A

Personal Interview

62
Q

Tends to be relatively expensive but offers a lot of flex

A

Personal Interview

63
Q

referred to as the data collection instrument

A

questionnaire

64
Q

T/F
The questionnaire is only filled out personally by the respondent

A

F

The questionnaire is only filled out personally by the respondent or administered and completed by the interviewer

65
Q

THE QUESTIONNAIRE MAY CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING TYPES OF QUESTIONS:

A

Multiple choice
Dichotomous
Open-ended

66
Q

Some basic points to consider regarding questionnaire design
1. Questionnaire should be kept as _______ as possible
2. Questions should also be short, as well as simply and_______
3. Avoid using ______ questions
4. Avoid questions that respondents may ________ to answer

A
  1. short
  2. clearly
  3. leading
  4. hesitate
67
Q

Methods of collecting secondary data

A

Internal secondary data
External secondary data

68
Q

the actual measurement or observation of all possible elements from the population; this can be viewed as a “sample” that includes the entire population

A

census

69
Q

every element in the population has equal chance of being included in the sample

A

Probability sampling

70
Q

Random samples are selected by using chance methods or random number

A

Simple Random Sampling

71
Q

2 main sampling methods

A

probability
non-probability

72
Q

2 main sampling methods

A

probability
non-probability

73
Q

Random samples are selected by using chance methods or random number

A

simple random

74
Q

Random samples are selected by using chance methods or random number

A

simple random

75
Q

researchers obtain systematic samples by numbering each subject of the population and then selecting every kth subject

A

systematic samplinhg

76
Q

researchers obtain stratified samples by dividing the population into groups according to some characteristic that is important to the study, then random sampling each group

A

stratified random

77
Q

Cluster samples are obtained by dividing the population into groups called clusters then randomly selecting some clusters and uses all the members of the selected clusters as the subjects of the samples

A

cluster sampling

78
Q

not every unit in the population has a chance of being included in the sample, and the process involves at least some degree of personal subjectiviy

A

non-probability sampling

79
Q

types of non-probability sampling

A

convenience
quota
purposive

80
Q

type of non-probability sampling where participants are chosen for a sample based on the convenience and probability

A

convenience sampling

81
Q

Convenience sampling is usually used for

A

quick user opinion polls or pilot testing

82
Q

nonprobability sampling method similar to stratified random sampling

A

quota

83
Q

in this method the population is split into segments and you have to fill a quota based on people who match the characteristics of each segment

A

quota

84
Q

________ sampling is also called as judgement sampling

A

Purposive

85
Q

sampling is done based on previous ideas of population compositaion and behavior

intentionally selecting participants

A

purposive

86
Q

Give z-score of the following confidence level

  1. 80%
  2. 85%
  3. 90%
  4. 95%
  5. 99%
A
  1. 1.28
  2. 1.44
  3. 1.65
  4. 1.96
  5. 2.58
87
Q

the number _____ is often used as a rule of thumb for a minimum sample size because it is the point at which the central limit theorem begins to apply

A

30

88
Q

error that we expect to occur when we make statement about a population that is based only on the observations contained in the sample taken from the population

A

sampling error

89
Q

error that we expect to occur when we make statement about a population that is based only on the observations contained in the sample taken from the population

A

sampling error

90
Q

result from mistakes made in acquisition of data or from the sample
observations being selected improperly

A

non-sampling error

91
Q

result from mistakes made in acquisition of data or from the sample
observations being selected improperly

A

non-sampling error

92
Q

examples of non sampling errors

A

Errors in data acquisition
Non-responsive error
Selection bias

Biostatistics (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions