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Question 1

Org chem was first defined as a branch of modern science in 1806 by

Answer 1

Jons Jacob Berzelius

Question 2

He classified chemical compounds into two groups: organic if they originated in living or once-living matter and inorganic if they came from “mineral” or non-living matter.

Answer 2

Jons Jacob Berzelius

Question 3

the idea that organic compounds could only originate from living organisms through the action of some vital force.

Answer 3

Vitalism

Question 4

Age believed in Vitalism

Answer 4

Jons Jacob Berzelius

Question 5

In 1828, He made the discovery that would result in the abandonment of Vitalism as a scientific theory. He discovered that urea - an organic compound - could be made by heating ammonium cyanate (an inorganic compound).

Answer 5

Friedrich Wöhler

Question 6

the possibility of two or more different structures (ammonium cyanate crystals and urea crystals) based on the same chemical formula (N2H4CO).

Answer 6

Isomerism

Question 7

mixed silver cyanate and ammonium chloride to produce solid silver chloride and aqueous ammonium cyanate. He then separated the mixture by filtration and tried to purify the aqueous ammonium cyanate by evaporating the water. The solid left over after the evaporation of the water was not ammonium cyanate, it was a substance with the properties of urea.

Answer 7

Wöhler

Question 8

By the 1860s, chemists like __ were proposing theories on the relationship between a compound’s chemical formula and the physical distribution of its atoms.

Answer 8

Friedrich August Kékulé

Question 9

There are three (3) generally accepted sources of organic compounds:

Answer 9

carbonized organic matter
living organisms
invention/human ingenuity

Question 10

7 Properties of Organic Compounds

Answer 10

1. Organic compounds are flammable 2. Organic compounds are covalently bonded
2. Most organic compounds are insoluble to water
   4.Organic compounds are nonelectrolytes 5.Organic compounds have low boiling and melting point 6.Organic compounds have a high vapor pressure
3. Organic compounds exhibit isomerism

Question 11

Organic compounds are flammable

Answer 11

Organic compounds react readily with oxygen
Complete combustion produces CO2 and H2O.
Incomplete combustion produces C, CO, CO2, and H2O.

Question 12

Organic compounds are covalently bonded

Answer 12

Carbon always forms four covalent bonds.
Hydrogen always forms one covalent bond.

Question 13

Most organic compounds are insoluble to water

Answer 13

Organic compounds with less than 3 carbon atoms are soluble to water.
Organic compounds with 4 to 5 carbon atoms are slightly soluble to water.
Organic compounds with 6 carbon atoms and above are insoluble to water
Organic compounds are soluble to non-polar organic solvents.

Question 14

Organic compounds are nonelectrolytes

Answer 14

Organic compounds do not conduct electricity

Question 15

Organic compounds have low boiling and melting point

Answer 15

Many are gases, liquids, or solids with low melting points (less than 360°C)

Question 16

Organic compounds have a high vapor pressure

Answer 16

Some organic compounds undergo sublimation while some are highly volatile

Question 17

Organic compounds exhibit isomerism

Answer 17

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula.

Question 18

Not all compunds that contain carbon are organic

Answer 18

Carbon monoxide
CO
Carbon dioxide
CO2
Carbonate3 -2
HCO3 -1
CN-1
Carbides

Question 19

The study of compounds that
contain carbon
• The study of the synthesis,
structure, reactivity and
properties of compounds
primarily composed of carbon.

Answer 19

Organic chemistry

Question 20

It is the study of the structure,
properties, composition, reactions, and
preparation of carbon-containing
compounds, which include not only
hydrocarbons but also compounds
with any number of other elements,
including hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen,
halogens, phosphorus, silicon, and
sulfur.

Answer 20

Organic chemistry

Question 21

One of the founders of modern
chemistry
◂ Coined the term “organic chemistry”
◂ Believes the Vital Force Theory

Answer 21

Jöns Jacob Berzelius

Question 22

An organic molecule
cannot be produced
from inorganic
molecules.
◂ Living organisms
contain a “vital force

Answer 22

Vitalism/Vital force theory

Question 23

First to synthesize an organic
compound from an inorganic
compound
◂ Synthesized urea from silver
cyanide and ammonium chloride

Answer 23

Friedrich Wöhler

Question 24

Theory of chemical structure
◂ First to propose that
isomerism is due to the
tetravalency of carbon

Answer 24

Friedrich August Kekulé

Question 25

proposed the tetravalency of carbon and the ability of carbon atoms to bond with one another.

Answer 25

Archibald Couper

Question 26

Demonstrated the existence of isomers discovered that unsaturated organic compounds contain multiple bonds.

Answer 26

Aleksandr Butlerov

Question 27

Stereochemistry ◂ Asymmetric tetrahedral carbon bonded to form different groups.

Answer 27

Jacobus Henricus van’t Hoff

Question 28

Uses of organic compounds

Answer 28

Biochemistry ◂ Food ◂ Fuel ◂ Plastics ◂ Natural and synthetic fibers ◂ Drugs and Medicine ◂ Hygiene and Beauty ◂ Agricultural chemicals (fertilizers) ◂ Colors 17 Uses of Organic Compounds

Question 29

Steps in the Study and Identification of Organic Compounds

Answer 29

Preliminary Screening ◂ Physical state, color, odor, ignition test ◂ Physical Properties / Constants ◂ Melting point, boiling point, freezing point, specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation, etc. ◂ Analysis ◂ Qualitative Analysis ◂ Quantitative Analysis ◂ Solubility Test ◂ Classification Test

Question 30

Properties of Carbon

Answer 30

1. Carbon is tetravalent 2. Carbon can bond with other carbon atoms 3. Carbon can also bond with other elements 4. Carbon can form simple to complex compounds

Question 31

1. Carbon is tetravalent

Answer 31

It can form four bonds ◂ Covalent bonds ◂ It has four valence electron ◂ Valence electron is the electron found at the outermost shell

Question 32

2.Carbon can bond with other carbon atoms

Answer 32

◂ It can form single bonds, double bonds and triple bonds Alkane single bond Cn H2n+2 Alkene double bond Cn H2n Alkyne triple bond Cn H2n–2 •It can form long chains, cyclic, aromatic structures Aliphatic Cyclic Aromatic

Question 33

Naming Organic compounds

Answer 33

33 Number of Carbons Prefix Number of Carbons Prefix 1 Meth(a) 6 Hex(a) 2 Eth(a) 7 Hept(a) 3 Prop(a) 8 Oct(a) 4 But(a) 9 Non(a) 5 Pent(a) 10 Dec(a) Use the suffix –ane for alkanes, -ene for alkenes, and –yne for alkynes

Question 34

3. Carbon can also bond with other elements

Answer 34

◂ Hydrogen ◂ Oxygen (Alcohols, Carboxylic acids, Aldehydes, Ketones, Ethers, etc.) ◂ Nitrogen (Amines, Amides) ◂ Sulfur (Thiols) ◂ Phosphorus ◂ Halogens (Alkyl halides)

Question 35

4. Carbon can form simple to complex compounds 39

Answer 35

gl

Question 36

Molecular Formula

Answer 36

◂ It indicates the actual number of the different elements in one molecule of a compound. ◂ Each element is written as their symbols in the periodic table, ◂ The number of atoms for each element is shown by the subscript.

Question 37

Structural formula

Answer 37

Shows how the atoms are arranged and bonded together in a molecular formula of a chemical compound. ◂ Shows both the actual number of atoms of elements in a compound ◂ How the atoms are arranged and which atoms are bonded to one another. 52

Question 38

Types of structural formula

Answer 38

Lewis dot Expanded Condensed Skeletal

Question 39

Dots are used to represent the electrons involved with the bonding between different atoms.

Answer 39

Electron dot structure

Question 40

Lines and bonds are used to show the covalent bonds between atoms.

Answer 40

Expanded Structure

Question 41

all of the atoms are drawn in, but the two-electron bond lines and lone pairs on heteroatoms are generally omitted.

Answer 41

Condensed structure

Question 42

Also called Line Structure ◂ Assume there is a carbon atom at the junction of any two lines or at the end of any line. ◂ Assume there are enough hydrogens around each carbon to give it four bonds ◂ Draw in all heteroatoms and hydrogens directly bonded to them 63

Answer 42

Skeletal structures