M02 Flashcards
Define hematopoiesis
formation of all blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, & platelets)
Define a “formed element” and know the three formed elements by their common names and more scientific names
solid portion made up of
- RBCs (erythrocytes)
- WBCs (leukocytes)
- platelets (thrombocytes)
Know the location where all blood cells originate and that they originate from a hematopoietic stem cell. More specifically, know which cells originate from myeloid stem cells, and which originate from lymphoid stem cells.
Know the scientific name of red blood cells, describe their shape, and describe characteristics
- also called erythrocytes
- biconcave disc shape: so they can easily
transport gases & squeeze through capillaries - lack mitochondria & nuclei
- avg lifespan is 120 days
Explain the function of hemoglobin inside of red blood cells
- transports oxygen & some carbon dioxide through the blood
Oxyhemoglobin (with O2) is bright red.
Deoxyhemoglobin (without O2) is dark red.
Name the hormone and conditions that triggers the release of new red blood cells
Hemoglobin
What is the average life span of a red blood cell?
120 days
What nutrients are required for erythropoiesis?
- vitamin B
- folic acid
- iron
Define anemia
- condition in which the O2 carrying capacity of blood is reduced due to the deficiency of RBCs or hemoglobin
Name the two categories of white blood cells. Name the types of WBCs within each category
Granulocytes: granular cytoplasm & short life span
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
Agranulocytes: without distinctly staining granules
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
Define diapedesis
WBCs can squeeze between cells of a capillary wall & leave blood vessel, then migrate toward infection site so that they can fight pathogens
Define chemotaxis
attraction of WBCs to an infection site by chemicals released by damaged cells
Define phagocytosis
englufing & digestion of pathogens
Be able to describe the appearance of each white blood cell or identify it based on its description. For example, a neutrophil has small, light purple granules and a lobed nucleus. Descriptions in your PowerPoint will help with this
Identify the main functions of each type of white blood cell
Identify the functions of Neutrophils
Identify the functions of Eosinophils
Identify the functions of Basophils
Identify the functions of Monocytes
Identify the functions of Lymphocytes
Know which white blood cell people have the most of, the least of, etc.
Name two types of lymphocytes
Define leukocytosis and leukopenia
Explain what a differential WBC count is
What is leukemia?
Platelets originate from what type of cell?
Describe the appearance of platelets
Give the function of platelets
Define thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Have you noticed a trend here? Whenever you see “cytosis”, it means an increase of a particular type of cell. “penia” means a decrease in that type of cell
List the components and functions of plasma
Define electrolyte and identify electrolytes that are in plasma
Define hemostasis
Describe the role of thrombocytes and platelet plugs in hemostasis
Describe the overall function (but not individual steps) of the clotting cascade in producing a clot
Define clotting factors. What is the significance of vitamin K?
Know that the major event in blood clotting/hemostasis is the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
Is blood clotting controlled by a negative or positive feedback mechanism?
What is the difference between serum and plasma?
Explain what determines a person’s blood type
For each blood type, be able to list the antigens that are on the red blood cell and the antibodies that would be in the person’s plasma
Know which blood types are sometimes called the “universal donor” and “universal recipient” and why
Explain what Rh positive and Rh-negative means in terms of the D antigen
List/explain 3 functions of the lymphatic system
Describe the structure of lymphatic capillaries and how they are distinguished from vascular capillaries
Describe the pathway that lymph follows (lymphatic pathways)
Define lacteal
What is lymph composed of?
Know that the structure of lymphatic vessels is similar to that of veins
What does the thoracic duct empty into?
What does the right lymphatic duct empty into?
Which of the two ducts is the largest?
Define edema
