M&T 2 Flashcards
Schema
A cognitive generalization that organizes and guides the processing of information.
Behavioural variability
How, and why behaviour varies across situations, differs among individuals, and changes over time.
Five ways in which variability is central to the research process:
- Psychology and other behavioural sciences involve the study of behavioural variability.
- Research questions in all behavioural sciences are questions about behavioural variability.
- Research should be designed in a manner that best allows the researcher to answer questions about behavioural variability.
- Measurement of behaviour involves assessment of behavioural variability.
- Statistical analyses are used to describe and account for the observed variability in the behavioural data.
Inferential statistics
Are used to draw conclusions about reliability and generalizations of one’s findings.
Range
The difference between largest and smallest scores.
Mean -> average
Sum of a set of scores divided by the number of scores.
Deviation score
Each individual score – the mean.
Squared
In het kwadraat.
Total sum of squares
The sum of the squared deviations of the scores from the mean.
Steps:
- Calculate the mean
- Each score – mean
- Squaring these different or deviation scores
- plus these squared deviation scores
- Dividing by the number of scores – 1
Total variance
The total variability in a set of data. Systematic variance + error variance.
Systematic variance
That part of the total variability in participant’s behaviour that is related in an orderly, predictable fashion to the variables the researcher is investigating.
Error variance
Variance that remain unaccounted for.
Meta-analysis
Used to analyze and integrate the results from a large set of individual studies.
Descriptive statistics
summarize and describe the behavior of research participants.
Effect size
Researchers are interested not only in whether certain variables are related to participants’ responses but also in how strongly they are related
