M&E Exam Practice 2 Flashcards
strike breakers
Scots believed that Lithuanian immigrants were brought in to break strikes and drive down wages in the mines. This caused Lithuanian immigrants to have a negative experience in Scotland because they were initially not welcomed and were looked on with suspicion.
trade unions
Lithuanian immigrants joined trade unions and took part in the 1912 strike along with Scottish workers for better pay and conditions.
This caused Lithuanian immigrants to have a positive experience in Scotland because Scots were reassured of their loyalty and worked with them to improve their working conditions.
Moral fibre
Traditionally, Lithuanians celebrated weddings, birthdays and festivals for days.
This caused them to have a negative experience in Scotland because they gained a reputation of having no moral fibre and indulging in too much heavy drinking.
Distinct communities
Lithuanian immigrants established distinct communities and lived in close proximity to each other with a strong sense of national pride and togetherness.
This caused them to have a positive experience in Scotland because they held dances and concerts in their communities as well as attending church and publishing newspapers in their own language.
Changing names
In the 20th century many Lithuanians chose to change their names to Scottish names such as Black and Smith.
This caused them to have a positive experience in Scotland because they were able to assimilate more into the Scottish way of life.
War
In July 1917, Lithuanian males aged 18-40 had to choose between being conscripted into the British army or fighting for Russia.
This caused Lithuanians to have a negative experience in Scotland because the previously strong communities were separated as the majority chose to return to Russia.
Raw Materials - Jute
The empire was an important source of raw materials for Scottish industries especially jute.
This has a positive economic impact on Scotland because in Dundee, materials from the Empire were combined with work skills in Scotland to create more money.
Jute from India was sent to Dundee where it would be turned into hessian cloth, creating thousands of jobs in the area.
Fish & Chip shops/ ice-cream parlours
Italian immigrants introduced fish and chip shops and ice-cream parlours to Scotland.
This had a positive impact on Scottish economy because cafes boosted the economies of small coastal towns as day trips from cities became increasingly popular and the Scottish leisure industry was growing.. In 1903, there were 89 cafes in Glasgow, growing to 336 by 1905.
Clyde Shipbuilding
The Empire contributed to the Clyde becoming the centre of the shipbuilding industry.
This had a positive impact on Scotland’s economy because one-fifth of the world’s steamships were produced in Glasgow meaning there was plenty of employment opportunities for Scots.
Tailors
Jewish immigrant tailors, such as Abraham Goldberg who immigrated from Eastern Europe in 1908, provided Scots with better quality clothes at affordable prices.
This had a positive impact on the Scottish economy because by the 1930s, A.Goldberg and Sons plc. was one of Scotland’s most successful companies and Jewish tailors also introduced paying on credit which helped build the middle classes.
Cigarettes
The development of the cigarette industry by Jewish immigrants was a reason why migration and empire had a positive impact on Scottish economy because there was no local workforce that could produce cigarettes so an entirely new industry was established in Glasgow which attracted other tobacco manufacturers to Glasgow and therefore created more jobs.
Coal Mining
Lithuanian immigrants often worked in the coal mining industry.
This had a positive impact on the economy of Scotland because they helped to develop the heavy industries of places like Ayrshire and Lanarkshire. This made a significant contribution towards Scotland becoming an industrial powerhouse in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Buildings/ factories
Money from the empire helped to build new, impressive buildings and factories.
This had a positive impact on Scottish cities because it changed the way Scottish cities looked forever. Growth in Glasgow shown the in the growth of high status housing, and areas like Broughten Ferry near Dundee were easily identified by their wealthy housing developments.
Football
Irish immigrants introduced football to Scotland and founded football teams such as Rangers in 1872 and Celtic in 1887.
This had a positive impact on the culture of Scotland as it caused football to become the national sport and huge numbers of Scots to support their teams.
Brain Drain
High levels of emigration in the empire created a ‘brain drain’ where most talented Scots left the country to live abroad.
This had a negative impact on Scotland’s development because through becoming successful in other countries, rather than Scotland, Scots were using their skills and education to enrich countries in the empire at the expense of their own.
