M&E

Question 0

What are some indications of dehydration?

Answer 0

Sunken eyeballs and increased bun

Question 1

What are signs of water intoxication Signs of water intoxication

Answer 1

Confusion and seizures due to cerebral Adema

Question 2

Diabetic Ketoacidosis is

Answer 2

A form of metabolic acidosis

Blood glucose is elevated because of insufficient insulin secretion. Because the glucose cannot enter the cells, energy is produced by breaking down glycogen and fat. Fat metabolism results in the formation of Ketones, and acidotic substance

Question 3

Symptoms of hyperglycemia

Answer 3

Polydipsia
polyurea
weight loss

Question 4

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

Answer 4

Irritability
diaphoresis
tachycardia

Question 5

Symptoms of Crohn’s disease

Answer 5

Diarrhea
abdominal pain
weight loss

Question 6

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 6

Weight gain
tiredness
bradycardia

Question 7

What are commonly ordered meds hyperglycemia

Answer 7

Metformin & sulfonylureas

Question 8

What are some interventions for hypoglycemia

Answer 8

Checking the blood glucose level and administering carbohydrates will elevate blood glucose

Question 9

What are some treatments for ascites

Answer 9

Restricting salt
giving diuretics
Performing a paracentesis

Question 10

Treatments for myocardial infraction

Answer 10

ECG

nitroglycerin

Question 11

Type two diabetes is controlled primarily through

Answer 11

Diet
exercise
oral
antidiabetic agents

Question 12

Treatment for diabetic Ketoacidosis

Answer 12

Restoration of fluid volume,
Electrolyte management
Reversal of acidosis
Control blood Glucose

Question 13

What is a chronic complications DM

Answer 13

Retinopathy therefore yearly eye examinations are recommended

Because of the risk of serious foot injury, shoes should be properly and correct size

Exercise decreases insulin resistance

Question 14

Which of the following insulin is prescribe to provide basal coverage

Answer 14

Novolin mph

Question 15

After a bilateral adrenalectomy The patient should be instructed to avoid?

Answer 15

Physical and emotional stress

After a bilateral adrenalectomy, The patient cannot secrete stress hormones to maintain homeostasis during stressful situations. The patient should be instructed to avoid physical and emotional stressors

The patient will require a life long low dose of steroids

Question 16

Addisonian crisis causes

Answer 16

Severe hyperkalemia. So administration of potassium chloride is contraindicated

Addisonian crisis or adrenal crisis , is a medical emergency cause by severe adrenocortical insufficiency

Question 17

Addisonian crisis or adrenal crisis causes

Answer 17

Severe hypotension 
hypoglycemia 
hyperkalemia, 
hyponatremia 
weakness 
weight loss 
 Abdominal pain

Treatments include the aministration of hydrocortisone,
Saline
dextrose

Vasopressors are not usually given but can help maintain blood pressure

Question 18

What is a discharge instruction for hyperparathyroidism

Answer 18

Exercise regularly

Hyperparathyroidism increases bone resorption, causing calcium to flow from the bones to the blood. A modern exercise program Will strengthen bones and prevent bone loss

Weight-loss is important

Question 19

Insulin lispro ( Humanalog)

Answer 19

Is rapid acting. 
onset 15 min
Peak 0.5-1.5hrs
Duration 2-5hts
Hypoglycemia is most likely to occur during the peak

Question 20

Diabetes insipidus treatment

Answer 20

Diabetes insipidus is characterized by a deficiency of ADH

Treatment includes administration of vasopressin ( another name for ADH) to decrease your output

Question 21

What is the most common endogenous cause of Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 21

A benign pituitary adenoma

The most common exogenous cause Cushing syndrome is the administration of glucocorticoids

Question 22

Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 22

Is the elevated secretions of cortisol

Question 23

Insulin is absorbed 50% more in the

Answer 23

Abdomen and is also absorb more rapidly

Question 24

Hypoparathyroidism is caused by

Answer 24

Trauma , removal or autoimmune destruction of the parathyroid gland! Hypoparathyroidism results in hypocalcemia due to increased urinary excretion and decrease absorption in the bowel. Hyperphosphatemia is also a result

Question 25

A positive chvostek's sign occurs

Answer 25

When the nurse taps the facial nerve at the angle of the jaw, resulting in the facial muscles contracting and twitching. This is caused by low serum calcium

Question 26

The adrenal medulla is responsible for the secretion of catecholamines such as

Answer 26

Epinephrine & norepinephrine

Question 27

The adrenal cortex is responsible for the secretion of

Answer 27

glucocorticoids ( cortisol ) & androgens (testosterone ) & mineralcorticoids ( aldosterone )

Question 28

Which electrolyte abnormality is characteristic of SIADH

Answer 28

Hyponatremia In SIADH, fluid overload causes a decrease in sodium level due to dilution Potassium and calcium concentration generally remains within normal limits

Question 29

Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease

Answer 29

``` Hypotension fatigue weakness weight-loss G.I. disturbances hyperpigmentation menstrual changes Hypoglycemia- due to insufficient secretion of cortisol. Cortisol normally increasing insulin resistance gluconeogenesis. ```

Question 30

Signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome

Answer 30

Hirsutism Edema Weight gain Fragile skin

Question 31

Cushing's disease causes

Answer 31

Cushing's disease causes immunosuppression due to excess cortisol secretion. The patient is at risk for infection after wounds

Question 32

Thyroid storm

Answer 32

Is a medical emergency caused by excessive by thyroid stimulation ``` Clinical manifestation are consistent with hyperthyroidism only more pronounce and like threatening. This includes Fever(often over 104°F) Tachycardia hypertension tremors Agitation Vomiting Coma ```

Question 33

The symptoms of hyperthyroidism are result of

Answer 33

Triiodothyronine (T3) & throxine (T4)

Question 34

Somatotropin

Answer 34

Is another name for growth hormone. This stimulates cell reproduction and growth

Question 35

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 35

Is a stress hormone that increases the production of corticosteroids

Question 36

Regular insulin is short acting with

Answer 36

Onset 30 min Peak 2-4hrs Duration 8-12hrs The patient is most likely to become hypoglycemic when the medication peaks

Question 37

Radioactive iodine uptake tests are used to diagnose

Answer 37

Thyroid disorders The amount of radioactive iodine is small it will not harm the patient will others Oral or IV iodine is given before the test This test will measure the rate iodine uptake by the thyroid

Question 38

SLE discharge instructions

Answer 38

Corticosteroids should never be stopped abruptly Intense exercise may cause fatigue which can increase the risk of exacerbation Sun will cause a skin reaction such as butterfly rash A fever should be reported to the physician because an increased body temperature can signal a flareup

Question 39

Cushing's disease causes

Answer 39

Hypokalemia by increasing we increasing Renal excretion of potassium It also causes hypokalemia their food high in calcium should be encouraged Fluid retention is a common side effect of Cushing's disease, fluid intake should not be increased

Question 40

After a parathyroidectomy The patient is at risk for

Answer 40

Hypocalcemia a potentially life-threatening event The patients head of bed should be elevated to promote chest expansion and prevent edema around the surgical site If the patient is intubated the chest x-ray should be done immediately after intubation

Question 41

Patients with Cushing's syndrome are at risk for

Answer 41

Peptic ulcer is due to increased gastric acid secretion, immunosuppression, Poor wound healing. The patients should understand the sign of G.I. bleeding Potassium intake should be encouraged to prevent hypokalemia associated with Cushing's Weight bearing exercises should be encouraged to reduce the risk of osteoporosis, a common complication of Cushing syndrome

Question 42

What is a common complication of Cushing's syndrome

Answer 42

Osteoporosis, so weight-bearing exercises should be encourage

Question 43

Signs & symptoms of hyperglycemia

Answer 43

``` Polyphagia polydipsia polyurea fatigue dry mouth Pruritus blurred vision ```

Question 44

Hypoglycemia signs and symptoms

Answer 44

``` Shakiness anxiety nervousness Diaphoresis Palpitations Coldness Headache ```

Question 45

A goiter a.k.a. a large thyroid can occur with both

Answer 45

Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism Depression and constipation are consistent with hypothyroidism

Question 46

A patient scheduled for a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy should test blood glucose every four hours before the surgery because

Answer 46

This patient is scheduled for removal of the pituitary gland, due to the hypersecretion of cortisol. Excess cortisol increases insulin resistance and elevate blood glucose

Question 47

What is used for opioid overdose

Answer 47

Narcan