Cardiac Disorders Chp 3

Question 0

Nursing intervention for CAD

Answer 0

1. ) Enhancing myocardial oxygenation is always the 1st priority when a client exhibits signs or symptoms of cardiac compromise. Without adequate oxygen the myocardium suffers damage
2. ) sublingual nitroglycerin is administered to treat acute angina

Question 1

Atherosclerosis

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis or plaque formation is the leading cause of CAD.

Diabetes mellitus Is a risk for CAD but it isn’t the most common cause

MI is commonly a result of CAD

Atherosclerosis is a direct result of plaque formation in the arteries. Arteries not veins supply the coronary arteries with oxygen and other nutrients.

Harden vessels can’t dilate properly and therefore constrict blood flow and oxygen causing angina

Question 2

Which is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction

Answer 2

1. )Chest pain-resulting from deprivation of oxygen to the heart
2. ) Dyspnea-related to an increase in the metabolic needs of the body during a MI

Edema is a later sign if heart failure commonly seen after an MI

Palpitations may result from reduce cardio output producing arrhythmias.

Question 3

The correct landmark for obtaining an apical pulse is the

Answer 3

Left fifth intercostal space in th midaxillary line . This is the point of maximal impulse and the location of the left ventricular apex

Question 4

Pulmonary pain

Answer 4

A knife like chest pain that increases in intensity with inspiration

Question 5

Abnormalities of the pulmonic valve are auscultated at

Answer 5

The second left in intercostal space along the left sternal border

Question 6

Aortic valve abnormalities are heard at the

Answer 6

Second intercostal space to the right of the sternum

Question 7

Mitral valve abnormalities are heard at the

Answer 7

Fifth intercostal space in the midclavicular line

Question 8

Tricuspid valve abnormalities are heard at the

Answer 8

Third and fourth intercostal spaces along the sternal border

Question 9

S3 aka 3rd heart sound

Answer 9

Rapid filling of the ventricle causes vasodilation

Question 10

Systemic hypertension or

Answer 10

Can result in a a 4th heart sound

Question 11

Aortic valve malfunction

Answer 11

Is heard as a murmur

Question 12

ECG

Answer 12

Is the quickest most accurate and most widely used tool to determine the location of MI

Question 13

Cardiac enzyme

Answer 13

Use to diagnose MI

Question 14

Echocardiogram

Answer 14

Is used most widely to view myocardial wall function after an MI has been diagnosed

Question 15

Nitrates

Answer 15

Reduces myocardial oxygen consumption by decreasing left ventricular end diastolic pressure(preload ) and systemic vascular resistance (afterload)

Question 16

What is the most common complication of myocardial infarction (MI)

Answer 16

Arrhythmias caused by oxygen deprivation to the myocardium are the most common complication of MI

HEART FAILURE IS THE SECOND MOST COMMON COMPLICATION

Question 17

In Jugular vein distention what position should the nurse place the head of the bed to obtain the most accurate reading

Answer 17

jugular venous pressure is measured with a centimeter ruler to obtain the vertical distance between the sternal angle and the point of highest pulsation with The head of the bed inclined between 15 and 30°!

Question 18

The apical pulse

Answer 18

Is the most accurate post point in the body

Question 19

One of the most common signs of Digoxin toxicity

Answer 19

Visual disturbance known as green halo sign

Question 20

Inotropic agents

Answer 20

Are given to a client with heart failure to maximize cardiac performance by increasing ventricular contractility

Question 21

CPR

Answer 21

1. )360 joules
2. )If this is unsuccessful she would then continue CPR for five cycles and attempt to defibrillate again
3. ) epinephrine and vasopressin May be given but not into after the first two defibrillation attempts

Question 22

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) mostly located

Answer 22

Distal to the renal arteries

Question 23

A pulsating abdominal mass may indicate which condition

Answer 23

AAA!!! The presence of a pulsating mass in the abdomen is a abnormal finding usually indicative of an outpouching in a weakened vessel

The finding however can be normal on a thin person

Question 24

What is the most common symptom in a client with AAA

Answer 24

Abdominal pain!!! Which results from disruption of normal circulation in the abdominal region

Question 25

Lower back pain signifies what in AAA

Answer 25

Rapid expansion impending rupture of an AAA. Lower back pain results from expansion of the aneurysm

Question 26

What test do you use a diagnosis an AAA

Answer 26

Aortgram

Question 27

Which complication is of greatest concern when Karen for preoperative AAA client

Answer 27

Aneurysm rupture

Question 28

Where do you assess for AAA on Klein

Answer 28

Middle lower abdominal to the left of the midline because the aorta lies directly left of the Umbilicus

Question 29

Which condition is going to more than 50% of clans with AAA

Answer 29

Hypertension because continuous pressure on the vessels walls from hypertension causes the walls to weaken an aneurysm to occur

Question 30

A bruit in AAA indicates what?

Answer 30

It reflects a partial atrerial occlusion

A bruit a vascular sound that reflects partial atrerial occlusion. It is not a normal finding

Question 31

Which group of symptoms indicate a ruptured AAA

Answer 31

1. Severe lower back pain
2. decreased blood pressure
3. decrease RBC count
4. increased WBC count

Question 32

Retroperitonal rupture at the repair site

Answer 32

This rupture is most commonly caused by leakage at the repair site!

Is indicated by detection of a hematoma

Question 33

Marfan’s syndrome

Answer 33

Results in the degeneration of the elastic fibers of the aortic media

A genetic disease most closely linked to aneurysm therefore clients with this and are most likely to develop and aneurysm

Question 34

What is the best intervention for a rupture aneurysm ?

Answer 34

Surgical intervention! When the vessel rupture surgery is the only intervention that can repair it

Question 35

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 35

Is usually caused by viral bacterial infection or cardiotoxic effects of drugs or alcohol