Cardiac Disorders Chp 3 Flashcards
Nursing intervention for CAD
- ) Enhancing myocardial oxygenation is always the 1st priority when a client exhibits signs or symptoms of cardiac compromise. Without adequate oxygen the myocardium suffers damage
- ) sublingual nitroglycerin is administered to treat acute angina
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis or plaque formation is the leading cause of CAD.
Diabetes mellitus Is a risk for CAD but it isn’t the most common cause
MI is commonly a result of CAD
Atherosclerosis is a direct result of plaque formation in the arteries. Arteries not veins supply the coronary arteries with oxygen and other nutrients.
Harden vessels can’t dilate properly and therefore constrict blood flow and oxygen causing angina
Which is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction
- )Chest pain-resulting from deprivation of oxygen to the heart
- ) Dyspnea-related to an increase in the metabolic needs of the body during a MI
Edema is a later sign if heart failure commonly seen after an MI
Palpitations may result from reduce cardio output producing arrhythmias.
The correct landmark for obtaining an apical pulse is the
Left fifth intercostal space in th midaxillary line . This is the point of maximal impulse and the location of the left ventricular apex
Pulmonary pain
A knife like chest pain that increases in intensity with inspiration
Abnormalities of the pulmonic valve are auscultated at
The second left in intercostal space along the left sternal border
Aortic valve abnormalities are heard at the
Second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
Mitral valve abnormalities are heard at the
Fifth intercostal space in the midclavicular line
Tricuspid valve abnormalities are heard at the
Third and fourth intercostal spaces along the sternal border
S3 aka 3rd heart sound
Rapid filling of the ventricle causes vasodilation
Systemic hypertension or
Can result in a a 4th heart sound
Aortic valve malfunction
Is heard as a murmur
ECG
Is the quickest most accurate and most widely used tool to determine the location of MI
Cardiac enzyme
Use to diagnose MI
Echocardiogram
Is used most widely to view myocardial wall function after an MI has been diagnosed
Nitrates
Reduces myocardial oxygen consumption by decreasing left ventricular end diastolic pressure(preload ) and systemic vascular resistance (afterload)
What is the most common complication of myocardial infarction (MI)
Arrhythmias caused by oxygen deprivation to the myocardium are the most common complication of MI
HEART FAILURE IS THE SECOND MOST COMMON COMPLICATION
In Jugular vein distention what position should the nurse place the head of the bed to obtain the most accurate reading
jugular venous pressure is measured with a centimeter ruler to obtain the vertical distance between the sternal angle and the point of highest pulsation with The head of the bed inclined between 15 and 30°!
The apical pulse
Is the most accurate post point in the body
One of the most common signs of Digoxin toxicity
Visual disturbance known as green halo sign
Inotropic agents
Are given to a client with heart failure to maximize cardiac performance by increasing ventricular contractility
CPR
- )360 joules
- )If this is unsuccessful she would then continue CPR for five cycles and attempt to defibrillate again
- ) epinephrine and vasopressin May be given but not into after the first two defibrillation attempts
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) mostly located
Distal to the renal arteries
A pulsating abdominal mass may indicate which condition
AAA!!! The presence of a pulsating mass in the abdomen is a abnormal finding usually indicative of an outpouching in a weakened vessel
The finding however can be normal on a thin person
