m Flashcards
breast ductal “carcinoma in situ” is best described as:
a small cluster of localized cancer cells that have not yet spread
a common gynecologic procedure that is utilized to diagnose uterine fibroids, remove abnormal tissue from the uterus, biopsy tissues, etc.” is know as:
dilation and currettage
a 25 year old female patient presents with multiple breast nodules that are found bilaterally and are round, soft, well delineated, movile, and tender. this problem is more painful just prior to menses. based on this brief history, the most likely condition would be:
fibrocystic disease
which of the following structures is most likely to be visualized using the speculum during the female pelvic exam?
external OS
ovulation occurs colsest to day ____ in a normal 28 day menstrual cycle
14
progesterone plays its biggest role during the _______ of the menstrual cycle.
luteal phase
with the patient in the lithotomy position (feet in stirrups while supine), the structure that is the most inferiorly situated would be _________.
bartholin’s gland
pharmaceuticals are probably responsible for at least _____ % of the osteoporosis cases in the US today.
20
pap smear classification V is indicative of
malignancy
tanner’s classification of female adolescent development involves staging of:
both breast and pubic hair development
a 23 year old female patient presents with pelvic pain that begins premenstrually and quickly subsides after menses begin. there are no palpable masses, she suffers from dyspareunia and is unable to get pregnant. what is her most probable condition?
endometriosis
the WHO has defined osteoporosis as a bone mass value that is greater than ____ standard deviations below the young adult mean.
2.5
mettelschmerz is a term used to describe a sensation that occurs only during
ovulation
what hormonal drug was given to many pregnant women from approx 1940-1970 that is still causing negaitve effects in their daughters at the present time?
diethylstilbestrol
the most common type of breast cancer in the USA is ___________.
invasive ductal cancer
a 70 year old female patient presents with a breast nodule in the left breast. the nodule can be described as irregular or stellate, hard, not clearly delineated, fixed to underlying tissues, and non-tender. based on this brief history, the MOST LIKELY condition would be:
breast cancer
a 38 year old patient presents with a single nodule in the right breast that is round, well delineated, soft, very mobile, and non-tender. the nodule does not change over the course of the menstrual cycle.
fibroadenoma
osteoporotic patients can be advised that their condition might show improvement or at least the progression of the disease might be seriously delayed if they:
- reduce consumption of carbonated beverages
- exercise regularly, commensurate with their overall physical condition
- consider application of transdermal progesterone
in a study completed several years, it was found that 75% of the general population of the US had a dietary deficiency of magnesium. what % of this same population is believed to have a dietary deficiency of omega 3 fatty acids?
95%
select the radiologic procedure listed below that exposes the patient to the highest amount of ionizing radiation?
barium enema
which of the following radiologic procedures exposes the patient to the least amount of ionizing radiation to the patient?
lateral and A-P cervical view
which one of the compounds listed below is not recommended as supplementation for osteoporotic patients?
methylxanthines
colposcopy is most commonly used to evaluate an abnormality of which structure?
cervix
uterine fibroids are also known as leiomyomas and myomas. when they are symptomatic they typically display all of the following characteristics except:
increased likelihood of fertility
the predominant estrogen that peaks during the first half of the menstrual cycle is __________.
estradiol
the most commonly found bacterial genus in normal vaginal flora would be:
lactobacillus
the __________ is the location of the highest probability of breast cancer development
upper outer quadrant
which of the following is the correct term for “painful intercourse”?
dyspareunia
the average doubling time for breast cancer cells is 100 days. therefore it takes about _____ years to produce a tumor 1cm in diameter at which point the tumor is palpable
10
montgomery’s tubercles are found on the
areola
breast cancer appears to be a multifactorial condition that is stimulated by the excess of certain estrogens in breast tisse. from the list below select one item that does not contribute to this estrogen increase.
increased natural progesterone levels
a partially collapsed rugose canal located between the urinary bladder and the rectum and lined with stratified squamous epithelial cells would be the :
uterus
the pap smear, a screening test named for Dr. George papanicolaou (1883-1962). is taken from a “swab” of which structure?
external os
if a patient’s pap smear is diagnosed as CIN I (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I), the probability of this condition eventurally progressing to cancer is ____%.
1
“progestin” is the term used to describe.
man made synthetic progesterone substitues
_____% of breast lumps are initially discovered by women themselves during a self breast exam.
20-25
which of the following conditions will least likely result in abdominal or pelvic pain:
cervical dysplasia
skenes gland, which is homologous to the male prostate, is:
- possible site of gonococcal infection
- also known as the paraurethral glands
- located near the opening of the urethra
a 25 yo woman complains of breast problems as follows: inverted nipples, thickening of breast tissue, edema involving 2/3 of the breast, skin hot to touch, erythema presnt. this scenario most accurately describes:
inflammatory breast cancer
the optimal time to perform the BSE (breast self exam) would be _____ (is. day 1 being the first day of menses):
day 10
the breast is the most common site of reproductive related cancers occurring in adult females. what is the number 1 site?
cervix
the SCJ (squamocolumnar junction) is important in womens health issues. this area of cells is located in the
cervix
the most common anatomical location for endometriosis is the:
ovary
the most common anatomical location for endometriosis is the :
ovary
the most likely group in which you might find palpable ovaries would be:
postmenopausal women
a non perforated, completely intact hymen (actually quite rare, though theoretically possible) in a girl will interfere with_________.
menses
the most effective body fluid to measure progesterone levels in the human body according to Dr John Lee would be
saliva
the estrogen that is considered to have the greatest beneficial effects for treatment of postmenopausal women would be ________.
estriol
5 significant risk factors for breast cancer.
-Artificial HormoneTherapy
-Ionizing radiation
-Nulliparty
Disease with highlevels of estrogen
-Family history of breast cancer
-liver cirrhosis,
-Klinefelter’s, gynecomastia
-Altered BRCA2 genes
-older than 55
-low estrogen
T or F Nulliparity is a rist factor for breast cancer.
true
