M 3

Question 1

results gap

Answer 1

the difference between the current state of something and the optimal state

Question 2

What are the approaches to problem solving

Answer 2

guessing
analysis

Question 3

framing

Answer 3

conceptualize problem formulation as a collective activity aimed at translating an initial problem symptom
(affects the results gaps)

Question 4

formulation

Answer 4

coming up with alternative formulation of the problem that are sufficiently well-defined in terms of the symptoms

Question 5

Collaborating structure inquiry (CSI)

Answer 5

splitting the problem formulation activity into two distinct phases: framing and formulating the problem

Question 6

How you can measure how successful the problem formulation is?

Answer 6

comprehensiveness
relevance

Question 7

relevance

Answer 7

does it matter

Question 8

comprehensiveness

Answer 8

• the extent to which the problem formulation is identified with respect to an initial symptom
• increases when the problem formulation grows

Question 9

creative paradox

Answer 9

humans have the capacity to move beyond what currently exists to generate new ideas

Question 10

conceptual combination

Answer 10

two separate concepts, ideas merge into one unit
ex. Basketball shoes (shoes for basketball)

Question 11

Barriers to problem formulation

Answer 11

-bounded rationality (limitations of knowledge & cognitive capacity)
-self-interest (members of heterogeneous teams)

Question 12

Socratic method

Answer 12

asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking

Question 13

Pareto Principle

Answer 13

roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes