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Question 1

NHS funding pattern

Answer 1

taxes
dept of health and social care
NHS
clinical concession groups
service provider

Question 2

NHS long term plan

Answer 2

integrated care systems
primary care networks
digital focus

Question 3

beneficence

Answer 3

Acting in patients best interests (not determined by patients)
Looking from doctor’s perspective
Offsetting greater harm
Considering long term viewpoints.

Question 4

non maleficence

Answer 4

Minimising harm
Considering current &future harm
Mediating harm already done
Averting harm
Considering harm as relative

Question 5

Confidentiality

Answer 5

Not a legal right but is ethically sound
Respects autonomy
Builds doctor-patient relationship

Question 6

when can confidentality be broken

Answer 6

Patient consent
In the patient’s best interests (consent unobtained)
Legally required
In public interest

Question 7

what is informed consent

Answer 7

(verbal, written, implied )
Voluntary & can be withdrawn at any time

Question 8

Mental capacity act 2005

Answer 8

Patients must be able to:
Understand the relevant information
Retain this information
Repeat this information
Weigh the risks, benefits $ alternatives
Communicate a reasoned decision
Must not be influenced by others

Question 9

what is competence based off

Answer 9

a persons capacity to conent or to refuse treatment when oveer the age of 18. assumed to have capacity unless established otherwise.

Question 10

abortion act 1967

Answer 10

• right to life
• potential for harm
• consideration of best interests
• freedom of choice
• autonomy

Question 11

Human fertilisation & embryology Act 1990

Answer 11

It was updated in 2008.
Gestation date of legal abortion is 24 weeks (reduced by 4)
Permits abortion if:
Wish of injury to the physical or mental health of the woman or any existing children & the pregnancy has not reached 24 weeks.
Necessary to prevent grave permanent injury to the mother
Critical as continuing gestation world rushes life of the mother
Necessary as any child born would be seriously handicapped

Question 12

human tissue act 2004

Answer 12

Donation of body pans after death, the wishes of an individual take precedence over family wishes.
Also permiss anonymous living org a donation. Permits their sale

Question 13

mental health act 1983

Answer 13

a law int he uk that allows healthcare professionals and police to detain pateitns for assessment or treatment of conditions

Question 14

sections of the mental healtha ct 1983

Answer 14

section 2: detainment for assessment of mentally ill patients
section 3: detainment for treatment of mentally ill patients
section 4: emergency detainment of mentally ill patients

Question 15

suicide act 1961

Answer 15

most reffered to in the case of euthanasia and physician assisted suicide
states suicide is legal but any assistance is illegal
EUTHANASIA AND ASSISTED SUICIDE EXPRESSLY PROHIBTED IN UK LAW UNDER THE SUICIDE ACT 1961

Question 16

what to consider with the suicide act 1961

Answer 16

contentiou issues which call into q autonomy, non maelficence, beneficinece at the same time

Question 17

what are the four pillars

Answer 17

Beneficence (doing good)
Non-maleficence (to do no harm)
Autonomy (giving the patient the freedom to choose freely, where they are able)
Justice (ensuring fairness) mention NHS here as well

Question 18

Consequentialism

Answer 18

an ethical ideology that states the morality of an action is dependent purely on its consequences. A simpler way to phrase this would be that the “ends justify the means”. If your action has an overall benefit, then it does not matter about the action itself.

Question 19

Utilitarianism

Answer 19

Utilitarianism says the best action is that one that brings about the best increase in utility (benefit). Utility is generally considered on a broad scale, often taking into consideration wider society and not just the patient in question. It’s a form of consequentialism.

Question 20

Deontology

Answer 20

Deontology is also known as “duty-based ethics”. This ideology states that the correct course of action is dependent on what your duties and obligations are. It means that the morality of an action is based on whether you followed the rules, rather than what the consequence of following them was.

This is in direct contrast with consequentialism.

Question 21

abortion

Answer 21

legal under the 1967 abortion act under 24 weeks of pregnancy . An abortion may only legally be carried out if two Doctors agree that continuation of the woman’s pregnancy will negatively impact her physical or mental health, or that of her existing children.

Question 22

wat must consent be

Answer 22

voluntary
informed
competent

Question 23

how can we test consent and capacity

Answer 23

understand
retain
weigh up options
communicate

Question 24

kids under 16

Answer 24

cannot consent or refuse treatment.

Question 25

16-18

Answer 25

can consent cannot refuse (gillick competence)

Question 26

if a child doesnt have consent, look for

Answer 26

an advanced directive or lasting power of attorney

Question 27

bolam test

Answer 27

your actions should be in line with another group of reasonable doctors. aka you have done what a reasonable doctor would do.

Question 28

jehovah’s witnesses

Answer 28

religiously opposed to blood transfusions