Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Fundamentals of the living cell > Lysosomes > Flashcards

Lysosomes Flashcards

1
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False: Lysosomes are involved in cellular digestion.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of lysosomes?

A

-hydrolases
-enzyme activators/protective factors
-transport proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which type of enzymes are found in lysosomes?

A

Hydrolytic enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Multiple Choice:
What pH level do lysosomes typically maintain for optimal enzyme activity?
A) 4.5-5
B) 7-9
C) 10-12

A

A) 4.5-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False: Lysosomes can also play a role in apoptosis (programmed cell death).

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the origin of lysosomes in the cell?

A

Lysosomes originate from the Golgi apparatus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fill in the blank: Lysosomal storage diseases occur due to __________ of lysosomal enzymes.

A

deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which cellular process do lysosomes participate in for recycling cellular components?

A

Autophagy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes? A) Digestion of macromolecules B) Energy production C) Recycling of cellular components

A

B) Energy production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to lysosomes during cellular stress?

A

They can release their enzymes and contribute to cell death or inflammation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False: Lysosomes are only found in animal cells.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of lysosomal membranes?

A

Lysosomal membranes protect the rest of the cell from the digestive enzymes inside.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down old or damaged organelles by lysosomes is called __________.

A

autophagy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which disease is associated with a malfunction of lysosomal enzymes?

A

Tay-Sachs disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following structures is involved in the formation of lysosomes? A) Ribosomes B) Golgi apparatus C) Nucleus

A

B) Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False: Lysosomes can fuse with other organelles to aid in their function.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the typical size range of lysosomes?

A

0.1 to 1.2 micrometers in diameter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fill in the blank: Lysosomes contain __________ that help break down various biomolecules.

A

Hydrolytic enzymes

20
Q

What is the significance of the acidic environment within lysosomes?

A

It activates the hydrolytic enzymes for digestion.

21
Q

True or False: Lysosomes can degrade both proteins and lipids.

22
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of lysosomes? A) They contain ribosomes B) They are involved in protein synthesis C) They contain digestive enzymes

A

C) They contain digestive enzymes

23
Q

What is the potential consequence of lysosomal dysfunction?

A

Accumulation of waste materials and cellular damage.

24
Q

Fill in the blank: Lysosomes are part of the __________ system of the cell.

A

endosomal-lysosomal

25
What are some examples of lysosome related organelles?
1) melanocyte 2) platelet 3) neutrophil 4) T cell 5) neuron
26
What are extracellular and intracellular substrates?
Extracellular- molecules that exist out of the cell Intracellular- molecules that exist in the cells
27
What are extracellular and intracellular substrates?
Extracellular- molecules that exist out of the cell Intracellular- molecules that exist in the cells
28
What is endocytosis?
Endocytosis- cells take extracellular substrates by engulfing membranes.
29
What is endocytosis?
Endocytosis- cells take extracellular substrates by engulfing membranes.
30
What is invagination?
Invagination- plasma membrane bends inwards to punch off to create intracellular vesicle.
31
What is invagination?
Invagination- plasma membrane bends inwards to punch off to create intracellular vesicle.
32
Explain extracellular substrates: endocytosis?
-fluid phase endocytosis of molecules and lipoproteins -phagocytosis of particles above 0.5 micrometres
33
Explain intracellular substrates
- Microautophagy (invagination of the lysosomal membrane) - Macroautophagy (cytosol or organelles wrapped in ER membrane which then fuses with lysosomes)
34
Explain key features of fluid phase endocytosis?
Cells randomly engulf extracellular fluid into vesicles 1) Non specific uptake 2) Mechanism: The plasma membrane detaches, forming a vesicle filled with extracellular liquid. 3) Vesicle formation: Vesicle formed are usually uncoated. These vesicles fuse with early endosomes where internalised fluid is sorted/recycled back into the plasma membrane. 4) Volume regulation: -cells use fluid-phase endocytosis to help regulate the volume of internal fluid and maintain osmotic balance
35
Explain the stages in the receptor mediated endocytosis
1) Ligand binding: Specific ligands bind to receptors on cell surface 2) Receptor- ligand complex formation Once the ligands bind, the receptors cluster together in specialised regions of the plasma membrane. 3) Invagination and vesicle formation: The clathrin-coated put invaginated and pinches off the membrane 4) Uncoating of vesicles After vesicle is internalised, the clathrin coat is removed by specialised proteins 5) Fusion of early endosome The uncooked vesicle fuses with an early endosome Acidic environments causes ligands to dissociate from their receptors 6) Sorting of contents Recycling, degradation, transport.
36
What is the process of phagocytosis?
1) the phagocytes are attracted to the pathogen and moves towards it. 2) phagocytes receptors attach to the chemicals on the surface of the pathogen 3) lysosomes move towards the phagosome and engulf it 4) lysosomes release lysozymes into phagosome to hydrolyse bacterium 5) hydrolysis products are absorbed.
37
Explain the definition of Macroautophagy
Macroautophagy- viral cellular process where cells degrade and recycle their own components
38
Explain the definition of Macroautophagy
Macroautophagy- viral cellular process where cells degrade and recycle their own components
39
What is enclosed in a autophagosome?
Cellular components enclosed in a double membrane vesicle called an autophagosome
40
What is enclosed in a autophagosome?
Cellular components enclosed in a double membrane vesicle called an autophagosome
41
What does the autophagosome fuse with?
Autophagosome fuses with lysosomes----> the contents are degraded by lysosomal enzymes.
42
What is the role of vacuolar ATPase?
Vacuolar ATPase- transports protons into lysosomes and related organelles whilst generating ATP.
43
What is the role of vacuolar ATPase?
Vacuolar ATPase- transports protons into lysosomes and related organelles whilst generating ATP.
44
What term is used to describe the cellular uptake of material through vesicles?
Endocytosis
45
What is the principal lipid component of low density lipoprotein (LDL)?
Cholesteryl ester
46
What do we call the process by which intracellular organelles are delivered to- digested in- lysosomes?
Autophagy

Fundamentals of the living cell (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions