LYSOCHROMES, ADHESIVES, MOUNTING,RINGING

Question 1

Oil soluble dyes

Answer 1

Lysochromes

Question 2

greatest affinity for phospholipids or neutral fats (triglycerides)

Answer 2

Sudan Black B (SBB)

Question 3

A more sensitive coloring agent than other lysochromes; should be discarded if the brownish color appeared

Answer 3

Sudan Black B (SBB)

Question 4

Demonstrates lipids that are resistant to paraffin embedding

Answer 4

Sudan Black B (SBB)

Question 5

Recommended for neutral fats (triglycerides) ; do not color phospholipids and fine lipid droplets

Answer 5

Sudan IV or Sharlach R

Question 6

First Sudan Dye introduced in histochemistry; Fat soluble; a good stain for the CNS

Answer 6

Sudan III

Question 7

Used in order to promote adhesion of selections to slides

Answer 7

Adhesives

Question 8

Commonly used adhesives:

Answer 8

1. Mayer’s Egg Albumin
2. Dried Albumin
3. 1% Gelatin
4. Gelatin
5. Starch paste
6. Plasma
7. Poly-L-Lysine
8. 3-APES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane)

Question 9

This adhesive is most commonly used because it is very easy to make and relatively inexpensive

Answer 9

Mayer’s Egg Albumin

Question 10

Mayer’s Egg Albumin formula

Answer 10

Egg white (50 mL)
Glycerin (50mL)
Thymol crystals (100mL)

Question 11

Dried Albumin formula

Answer 11

Dried albumin (5g)
Sodium chloride (5g)
Distilled water (100mL)
Thymol crystals

Question 12

1% Gelatin formula

Answer 12

Gelatin (1g)
Distilled water (100mL)
Glycerol (15mL)
Phenol crystals (2g)

Question 13

Gelatin formula

Answer 13

1% Gelatin (5mL)
2% Formaldehyde (5mL)

Question 14

Starch paste formula

Answer 14

Powdered starch (1g)
Distilled water (30mL= 10mL cold, 20mL boiling)
Hydrochloric acid (2 drops)
Thymol crystals

Question 15

Readily available from outdated blood stored in blood banks, dispensed into sterile tubes of 0.5mL each

Answer 15

Plasma

Question 16

Used as a section adhesive in immunohistochemistry

Answer 16

Poly-L-Lysine

Question 17

Very useful in cytology particularly for cytospin preparations of proteinaceous or bloody material

Answer 17

3-APES

Question 18

A syrupy fluid applied between the section and the coverslip after staining setting the section firmly, preventing the movement of the coverslip

Answer 18

Mounting medium or mountant

Question 19

Necessary to protect the stained section from physical injury and from bleaching or deterioration of the stain as a result of oxidation

Answer 19

Mountant

Question 20

Two groups of Mounting Media

Answer 20

1. Aqueous / Water soluble mountants
2. Resinous Mountants

Question 21

Designed to mount water-miscible preparations directly from water in cases where the stain is removed or decolorized with alcohol or xylene

Answer 21

Aqueous/ Water soluble mountants

Question 22

Low refractive index; good only for temporary mounting

Answer 22

Water

Question 23

used as a preservative; has a high index of refraction

Answer 23

Glycerin (RI: 1.47)

Question 24

Does not solidify upon storage

Answer 24

Farrant’s medium (Gum syrup) (RI: 1.43)

Question 25

Used for methylene blue-stained nerve preparations and as general purpose aqueous mountant

Answer 25

Apathy's medium

Question 26

Recommended for mounting frozen sections from water or paraffin sections which require dehydration and clearing

Answer 26

Brun's fluid

Question 27

Used for preparations that have been dehydrated and cleared in xylene or toluene and are recommended for majority of staining methods.

Answer 27

Resinous Mountants

Question 28

Canada Balsam is a natural resin extracted from the ______ tree

Answer 28

Canadian Tree (Abus balsamea)

Question 29

Recommended for whole mounts and for thick sections because it does not shrink much

Answer 29

Canada Balsam

Question 30

Miscible with xylene and is quite expensive

Answer 30

Canada Balsam (RI: 1.524)

Question 31

Recommended for small tissue sections

Answer 31

DPX (RI: 1.532)

Question 32

Synthetic resin mixture in xylene in pale yellow or colorless solution

Answer 32

XAM (RI: 1.52)

Question 33

Synthetic resin which is soluble in xylene (usually diluted to 60% with xylene)

Answer 33

Clarite (RI: 1.544)

Question 34

Two Mounting media most commonly used today

Answer 34

1. Eukitt 2. Entellan

Question 35

A process of sealing the margins of the coverslip to prevent escape of fluid or semi-fluid mounts and evaporation of mountant, to immobilize the coverslip and to prevent sticking of slides upon storage

Answer 35

Ringing

Question 36

Kronig Cement is made up of

Answer 36

2 parts paraffin wax mixed with 4-9 parts powdered colophonium resin, heated and filtered

Question 37

Enables one to see and study the architectural pattern of the tissue and physical characteristics and structural relationships of tissues and their cells

Answer 37

Staining/Dyeing

Question 38

Alkaline structures (cytoplasm) are stained by ______

Answer 38

Acidic stains (Eosin; cytoplasm is stained RED)

Question 39

Acidic structures (nucleus) are stained by __________

Answer 39

Alkaline/basic stains (Hematoxylin; nucleus is stained BLUE)

Question 40

Classification of Staining

Answer 40

1. Histological Staining 2. Histochemical Staining (Histochemistry) 3. Immunohistochemical Staining (Immunohistochemistry)

Question 41

Used to demonstrate the general relationship of tissues and cells with differentiation of nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 41

Histological Staining

Question 42

Examples of Histological Staining

Answer 42

1. Microanatomic stains 2. Bacterial stains 3. Specific tissue stains (muscles, connective tissue, neurologic stains)

Question 43

The process whereby various constituents of tissues are studied thru chemical reactions that will permit microscopic localization of a specific substance

Answer 43

Histochemical staining (Histochemistry)

Question 44

Examples of Histochemical staining

Answer 44

1. Perl's Prussian Blue (hemoglobin); demonstrates ferric iron in tissues 2. Periodic Acid Schiff (Carbohydrates)

Question 45

A combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques that allow phenotypic markers to be detected and demonstrated under the microscope, using a wide range of monoclonal, fluorescent-labeled or enzyme-labeled antibodies

Answer 45

Immunohistochemical staining (Immunohistochemistry)