Lymphotrophic Herpes Viruses Flashcards
What are the most common B-herpes viruses?
Human Cytomegalovirus - CMV
Human Herpes Virus - 6a/b and 7
What are the most common gamma-herpes viruses?
Epstein-Barr Virus
Kaposi Sarcoma Virus
What is a unique characteristic of CMV infected cells?
“Owl Eye” and inclusion body
What are two of the five leading causes of birth defects?
CMV and Herpes Simplex
What is unique about the CMV genome?
It is the largest human pathogen genome encoding over 750 genes. dsDNA
How is CMV transferred and who most commonly get the virus?
Direct Contact with any kind of body fluids including saliva, breast milk, and urine. Inoculation occurs in the mucous membranes.
–Most Common in Daycares and children pass on to their parents–
What kind of cells are involved with lytic cell cycle and latent cycle of CMV?
Lytic - almost any kind of cell
Latent - CD34+, MONOCYTES
What is the most important part of the immune system in battling the CMV infection?
CD8+ Cytotoxic T-cells, kill CMV infected cells.
Humoral response does not control the infection well.
What are common symptoms of CMV?
Many people become infected and are asymptomatic, but others have mild symptoms of:
Fever, Fatigue, Lymphadenopathy, Sore Throat, HA - 2-3 weeks
How can you determine between CMV Mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr Virus?
CMV would be heterophile antibody NEGATITVE
EBV = heterophile positive
What are the common ways of diagnosing CMV?
Serology - IgM and IgG
Owl’s Eye cells in urine/tissue
PCR or NAT detecting CMV DNA
What are two common drugs given to treat CMV that are activated by viral kinases?
Ganiciclovir and Cidofovir, both are base analogs inhibiting viral DNA Polymerase
What is a non-base analog used to treating CMV and other viral infections, that can cause renal insufficiency?
Foscarnet - pyrophosphate mimic
What is the difference between Herpes Simplex and CMV?
CMV does not encode Thymidine Kinase, thus many drugs that work on Herpes do not work for CMV.
What are common symptoms of congenital infection of CMV?
Petechiae Low birth weight Enlarged Spleen Jaundice --High Mortality Rate--
What are permanent symptoms of congenital CMV?
Hearing Loss
Vision Loss
Mental Retardation
How can you treat a newborn who has tested positive for CMV?
Pretty much no treatment, but if they test positive in the fist 3 weeks of life they can be given Ganiciclovir, but can cause additional developmental problems from the drug.
How can you reduce risk of contracting the virus?
Common hygiene of washing hands and cleaning toys and avoid kissing the newborns.
What is a common symptom of CMV of patients with HIV?
CMV Retinitis - mostly untreated HIV
“Cotton Wool Spots”
What kind of patients is CMV life threatening in?
Immunocompromised
Chemotherapy, HIV, Transplant Patients
-Usually monitored by NAT/PCR and antivirals-
What are common symptoms of infection by Human Herpes 6b? –Roseola Virus–
High Fever for several days and rash after the fever breaks.
Unknown long term consequences
What is unique about HH6b compared to other herpes viruses?
This virus is able to integrate into host genome, rather than just becoming latent in the nucleus.
Where does HH6b replicate and how is it detected?
Replication occurs in the CD4+ cells, detection by viral DNA via PCR and NAT
What are diseases caused by Epstein-Barr Virus?
Mononucleosis
Post Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Lymphomas
