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SAM 2 scs RUSVM > Lymphoma (E2) > Flashcards

Lymphoma (E2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common hematopoietic tumor?

A

Lymphoma

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2
Q

Fill in the blanks

(E.g. Lymphoid cells in Bone Marrow – Lymphoid Leukemia
Lymohoid cells in the Body – Lymphoma)

T- and B- Lymphocytes – __________

Macrophages – ​______ leukemia

Neutrophils – ​______ leukemia

PTLs – __________

RBC – ______leukemia or __________

A

Multiple myeloma

Monocytic leukemia

Myelogenous leukemia

Primary thrombocytopenia

Erythroleukemia or Polycythemia vera

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3
Q

In which ways are lymphomas classified in dogs?

A

Anatomical

Histopathological

Lymphoma type (blastic or cytic)

Phenotype

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4
Q

What is the importance of phenotype and lymphoma type classification?

A

Prognostication: B-cell = Better, T-cell= Terrible

Cytic= Better than blastic

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5
Q

Lymphoma is based on the number of _____ affected.

A

Lymph nodes

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6
Q

How is lypmhoma classified in cats? What is the most common form?

A

Anatomic site

Small cell (low grade) vs Large cell (intermediate-high grade)

Most common: Intermediate grade Large Cell Alimentary/GI

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7
Q

How do most dogs with lymphoma present?

A

Clinically healthy (substage a)

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8
Q

You know what to do.

A

Lymph nodes:

  1. Retropharyngeal and Submandibular
  2. Prescapular
  3. Axillary
  4. Inguinal
  5. Poplyteal
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10
Q

What type of lymphoma causes dyspnea, muddled eart sounds, pre-caval syndrome, and often paraneoplastic hypercalcemia?

A

Mediastinal lymphoma

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11
Q

What breed of cat is over-represented in terms of lymphoma cases?

A

Siamese

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12
Q

How do most cats with lymphoma present?

A

Moderately Sick (substage b)

Often with GI signs (since alimentary is most common)

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13
Q

Why is an opthamological exam important to include in your physical exam when trying to diagnose lymphoma in a dog?

A

Uveitis/Retinal hemorrhage occurs in 30-50% of dogs

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14
Q

What will you generally find in a CBC in a dog with a neoplastic condition?

A

Normocytic normochronic non-regenerative anemia

Myelopthisis - neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia

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15
Q

What sites do you use for a bone marrow aspirate in dogs? Cats? Why is this done?

A

Dog: Greater tubercle of humerus, Iliac Crest

Cat: Demoral intertrochanteric fossa

For prognosis and staging

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16
Q

What is the most common imaging modality for lymphoma diagnosis?

A

Ultrasound

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17
Q

What is the gold standard for multicentric lymphoma diagnosis? Why? What will you find?

A

Histopathology of biopsy + Flow-cytomoetry of FNA

Cytology for immunophenotype, Histopath for grade of tumor

Will see - Cytology: Anisocytosis, Anisokaryosis, Multiple nulcei, Mitotic figures, Free nuclear material

IHC: stain for B and T cell markers

18
Q

How long will a dog or cat live if lymphoma is not treated?

A

4-6 weeks

19
Q

Is chemotherapy better for cats or dogs with lymphoma?

A

Dogs

20
Q

What is the most common chemo protocol for canine lymphoma?

A

Multi-agent: CHOP protocol (CDVP protocol)

Cyclophosphamide

Doxorubicin

Vincristine

Predniosolone

21
Q

Why may you not be able to treat a dog with chemotherapy if the dog is highly aggressive?

A

Because most drugs must be given IV and in hospital

22
Q

How long can a dog live with lymphoma solely on pred?

A

1-2months

23
Q

What is the most common chemotherapy protocol for cats with lymphoma?

A

Multi-Agent: Modified Wisconsin-Madison Protocol

Or: COP protocol (cyclophosphamide, vinrcristine, pred)

24
Q

What drug can you give cats with low-grade small cell alimentary lympoma?

A

Chlorambucil + Prednisolone

25
Q

What drugs/drug combinations can you give dogs with low-grade lymphoma?

A

Chlorambucil + Pred

or

Cyclophosphamide + Pred

(Surgery if confined to spleen or solitary LN)

26
Q

How long should intitial lymphoma treatment be given?

A

Until remission

27
Q

Since relapse occurs in most, if not all patients, what protocol can you use if the replapse occurs more than 2 months after the initial treatment course? Less than 2 months?

A

<2mo: Same as initial protocol

>2mo: Cannot use any drugs from initital therapy due to resistance development, “Rescue chemo” - Lomustine/CCNU, Mitoxantrone, Melphalan

28
Q

What genetic test should be performed before intitiating chemotherapy in dogs?

A

MDR-1 gene analysis

29
Q

What type of lymphoma respons well to radiation?

A

Nasal lymphoma

30
Q

What does it indicate if a dog develops chemotherapy induced neutropenia?

A

It’s a GOOD thing- indicates prolonged remission rate

31
Q

What is the proliferation of neoplastic cells in the bone marrow? How is it categorized?

A

Leukemia

Categorized as acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or chronic lymphocytic (CLL)

(Note: Acute lymphoblAstic , Chronic lymphoCytic)

32
Q

What do cats with acute lymphoblastic leukemia often test positive for?

A

FeLV

33
Q

Which form of leukemia has a better prognosis? How is it treated?

A

CLL

Chlorambucil + Pred

34
Q

What is the most likely clinical sign with multiple myeloma? What other things are often seen?

A

Most common: Lameness (due to bone destruction/fractures)

Hyperviscosity syndrome (due to high serum proteins)= neurosigns, epistaxis, eye abnormalities

Renal disease - PUPD, dehydration

35
Q

What is the treatment protocol for multiple myeloma? How would you treat hyperviscosity?

A

Melphalan + Pred

Hyperviscosity: Plasmapheresis

SAM 2 scs RUSVM (9 decks)

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