Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Haematology > Lymphoid System > Flashcards

Lymphoid System Flashcards

1
Q

Where does B-cell maturation occur?

A

Bone Marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does T-cell maturation occur?

A

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the central (primary) lymphoid tissues?

A

Bone marrow

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the peripheral (secondary) lymphoid tissues?

A 
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Tonsils (Waldeyer’s ring)
Epithelio-lymphoid tissues
Bone marrow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Do lymphatic vessels have valves?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the size of a lymph node?

A

Up to 2.5cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do afferent channels drain lymph to?

A

Through the capsule into the peripheral sinus

Filters through node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do efferent vessels leave the LN?

A

Hilum
Drains to: -cisterna chyli / thoracic duct
-L jugular, subclavian or bronchomediastinal trunks
-R jugular, subclavian or bronchomediastinal trunks
And then to venous system at junction of L or R subclavian and jugular veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where do arterial and venous vessels serving the node enter/exit?

A

Hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Return lymph to the circulation- important function in fluid haemostasis, prevent excessive accumulation of fluid in tissues (oedema)
Filter lymph before return to circulation- cell traffic, interactions with immune competent cells (protective function)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is the lymphoid system a defence system?

A 
Houses cells of the innate immune system
Traffic of APCs links innate and adaptive immune responses
Seat of the adaptive immune response
-Specificity
-Inducible
-Memory
-Enhanced secondary reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cells are located within lymph nodes?

A

B cells- associated with follicles and germinal centres, interfollicular, plasma cells- mainly in medulla
T cells- helper/cytotoxic
NK Cells
Mononuclear phagocytes (macrophages, APCs, dendritic cells
Endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the causes of lymphadenopathy?

A

Local inflammation
Systemic inflammation
Malignancy
Others e.g. sarcoid, Castlemans Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is lymphangitis?

A

Red lines extending from inflamed lesion in case of superficial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the normal weight and size of the spleen?

A

150-200g and 12x7x3cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two key aspects of the spleen?

A

Diaphragmatic surface

Visceral surface- left kidney, gastric fundus, tail of pancreas, splenic flexure of colon

17
Q

What is the spleen supplied and drained by?

A 
Splenic artery (coeliac axis branch)
Splenic vein (with SMV forms portal vein)
18
Q

Is a disease spleen more prone to rupture?

A

Yes

19
Q

What is the structure of the spleen?

A

Encapsulated

Parenchyma contains red pulp (sinusoids and cords) and white pulp

20
Q

Describe splenic sinusoids

A

Fenestrated
Lined by endothelial cells
Supported by hoops of reticulin

21
Q

Describe splenic cords

A

Contain macrophages and some fibroblasts and cells in transit (RBC, WBC, PC and some CD8+ T cells)

22
Q

How does the spleen filter blood?

A

Detect, retain and eliminate unwanted, foreign or damaged material
Facilitate immune responses to blood borne antigens

23
Q

What does the white pulp of the spleen contain?

A

Peri-arteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)- CD4+ lymphoid cells

This is expanded by lymphoid follicles

24
Q

What do APCs in the white pulp do to antigens?

A

Present them to immune reactive cells

When stimulated by antigen, T and B cell responses may occur

25
Q

What are the features of splenomegaly?

A

Dragging sensation in LUQ
Discomfort when eating
Pain if infarction
Hypersplenism- triad of splenomegaly, fall in one of more cellular components of blood, correction of cytopenias by splenectomy

26
Q

What are the infective causes of splenomegaly?

A

Wide range: EBV, Malaria, TB, Typhoid, Brucellosis, Leishmaniasis, Trypanosomiasis,

27
Q

What are the congestive causes of splenomegaly?

A

Portal (Hepatic cirrhosis, portal/splenic vein thrombosis, cardiac failure)

28
Q

What are the haematological causes of splenomegaly?

A

Lymphoma/leukaemia, haemolytic anaemia, ITP, Myeloproliferative disorders

29
Q

What are the inflammatory causes of splenomegaly?

A

RA

SLE

30
Q

What are the storage disease causes of splenomegaly?

A

Gaucher’s

Niemann Pick Disease

31
Q

What are the miscellaneous causes of splenomegaly?

A

Amyloid
Tumours (1’ and metastatic)
Cysts

32
Q

What can cause hypersplenism?

A

Conditions associated with splenomegaly

Relationship between size and function is complex

33
Q

What is the role of splenectomy?

A

A key diagnostic feature of hypersplenism
Only know the answer after splenectomy
In cases of bone marrow failure may have to balance productivity of the spleen with its role in excessive removal of circulating blood cells

34
Q

What is the most common cause of hyposplenism?

A

Splenectomy

35
Q

What is needed when splenectomy is carried out?

A

Immunisation

36
Q

What are other causes of hyposplenism?

A

Coeliac
Sickle cell disease
Sarcoidosis
Iatrogenic- non surgical

37
Q

What are the features of hyposplenism?

A

Mainly from reduced red pulp function: Howell-Jolly bodies, other red cell abnormalities

Haematology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions