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ImmunoSero > Lymphoid System > Flashcards

Lymphoid System Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphocyte represents _____% of circulating WBC’s

A

20-40%

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2
Q

Lymphocyte arise from

A

HSC- Hematopoietic stem cell

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3
Q

Where lymphocyte are further DIFFERENTIATED and where the MATURATION of t cells and b cells occurs

A

Primary lymphoid organs

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4
Q

Where PROLIFERATION and DIFFERENTIATION of t cells and b cells occurs

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

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5
Q

T cells differentiation takes place within

A

Thymus

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6
Q

B cells differentiated within

A

Bone marrow

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7
Q

__________ complex and is regulated by
different cell surface adhesion molecules and by chemical messengers _______

A

Lymphocyte circulation

Cytokines

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8
Q

3 major population of Lymphocyte

A

T cells: 61-80%

B cells: 20%

Natural Killer cells: 10-15%

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9
Q

All lymphocytes originate from pluripotential
hematopoietic stem cells.

A

Bone marrow

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10
Q

Develop and identify characteristics of T cells; An organ which is small, flat, bilobed organ
found in the thorax

A

Thymus

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11
Q

Mature T lymphocyte are released from

A

MEDULLA

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12
Q

THYMUS

___g at birth; 35g at puberty

A

30g

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13
Q

BONE MARROW

1,300-______g at adult stage

A

1,300 to 1,500g

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14
Q

SUFACE ANTIGEN are acquired as the lymphocytes travel from the cortex to the medulla over a period

A

2 to 3 weeks

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15
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs

A

Spleen
Lymph nodes
Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue
/tonsils
/appendix
/peyer’s patches
Cutaneous Associated Lymphoid Tissue

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16
Q

main contact with foreign antigens takes place

A

Antigen tracking sites

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17
Q

Each lymphocyte spends most of its life span
in______, entering the circulation only
periodically to go from one secondary organ to
another _____

A

Solid tissue

Two times per day

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18
Q

Largest secondary lymphoid organ; discriminating filter

A

Spleen

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19
Q

SPLEEN

12cm length _____g at adult stage

A

150g

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20
Q

Splenic tissue subdivided into 2 main types

A

RED PULP
WHITE PULP

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21
Q

with >1/2 total volume, function to destroy old RBC

A

Red pulp

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22
Q

with 20% total weight contains lymph tissue

A

White pulp

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23
Q

Particular arterioles found in White pulp are what we so called the_____ contains mainly ____

A

PALS : Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheath

t-cells

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24
Q

attached to PALS are

A

Primary Follicles with B cells (not stimulated by antigen)

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25
Q

Surrounding the PALS is ____ containing ____

A

Marginal zone

Dendritic cells

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26
Q

Trap antigen and considered as Antigen Presenting Cell

A

Dendritic cells

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27
Q

Each day an adult blood volume passes
through the spleen approximately______,
where________ and _______ can constantly survey for infectious agents or other foreign matters.

A

4 times

Lymphocytes & Macrophages

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28
Q

It allows contact between lymphocytes and foreign antigens from the tissue to take place.

A

Lymph nodes

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29
Q

Located along lymphatic ducts
and serve as central collecting points for lymph fluid from adjacent tissues

A

Lymph nodes

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30
Q

lymph fluid flows slowly through spaces
called ______, which are lined with macrophages, creating an ideal location for ______ to take place.

A

Sinuses

Phagocytosis

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31
Q

Lymp nodes enlarged due to infection

A

Lymphadenopathy

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32
Q

Regions of lymph nodes

A

Cortex
Paracortex
Medulla

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33
Q

Contains macrophages and
aggregations of B cells in primary
follicles, follicular dendritic cells,
secondary follicles (germinal center),
plasma cells, and memory cells.

A

Cortex

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34
Q

T cells stays

A

Paracortex

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35
Q

Where t cells, b cells, plasma cells released once matured

A

Medulla

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36
Q

the fluids and lymphocytes will ENTER via particular

fluids and lymphocytes will EXIT

A

Afferent Lymphatic Vessel

Efferent Lymphatic Vessel

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37
Q

MALT found in

A

Respiratory tract= Tonsils
GI tract= Appendix & Peyer’s patches
Urogenital tract

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38
Q

Where macrophages and lymphocytes are; localized at some of the main port of entry for foreign microorganism

A

MALT

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39
Q

It is considered as the largest organs in
the body and the epidermis

A

CALT

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40
Q

CALT
Epidermis contains a number of ____

A

Intraepidermal lymphocytes

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41
Q

Cells associated with mechanisms of intraepidermal lymphocytes: they are uniquely positioned to combat any antigens that enter through the skin.

A

T cells
monocytes
macrophages
dendritic cells

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42
Q

Reponsible for HUMORAL IMMUNITY/ ANTIBODY PRODUCTION

A

B-cells

43
Q

produced sensitized lymphocytes that secretes cytokines

A

T cells : CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

44
Q

can be used to distinguish the
developmental stages of each cell; Proteins that appear on cell surfaces can be used as markers to differentiate T cells and B cells

A

Surface marker or CD

45
Q

reference for standardizing names of membrane proteins found on all human white blood cell (WBC).

A

Cluster of Differentiation

46
Q

Antigen essential for T cell and B cell antigen stimulated activation

A

CD45R

47
Q

Surface markers on B cells

A

CD19, CD21, CD23

48
Q

Surface markers for T cells

A

CD 2, 3, 4, 8

49
Q

Surface markers for NK cells

A

CD 16, 56, 94

50
Q

B cell differentiation

6points

A

Pro B cells
Pre B cells
Immature B cells
Mature B cells
Activated B cells
Plasma cells

51
Q

T cell Differentiation

(4 points)

A

Double Negative Stage
Double Positive Stage
Mature T cells
T regulatory cells

52
Q

First step is the rearrangement of genes that code for the heavy and light chains of an antibody molecule.

A

Pro B cell

53
Q

Surface molecule of Pro B cell

A

CD45R
CD 43
CD 19
CD 24
c-Kit

54
Q

tyrosine specific phosphate that is involved in signaling during the b cell activation

A

CD45R

55
Q

end result of Pro B cell is a ________ programmed to produce a unique antibody molecule, which consists of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains.

A

B lymphocyte

56
Q

Heavy chains are coded on
Light chains are coded on

A

Chromosome 14

Chromosome 2 & 22

57
Q

Intracellular proteins found at this stage:

A

TDT
RAG 1 and RAG 2

58
Q

Pro B Cell

– helps to join the pieces back together by
incorporating additional nucleotides in the
joining area.

A

Deoxyribonucleotide transferase

59
Q

Pro B cell

– DNA at certain possible recombination site.

A

Recombination activating genes 1 and 2/RAG 1 RAG 2

60
Q

The first heavy chains synthesized are the μ
chains, which belong to the class of
immunoglobulins called IgM.

A

Pre B cells

61
Q

Pre-B cells may also express μ chains on the cell surface, accompanied by an unusual light chain molecule called

A

Surrogate light chain

62
Q

The combination of the two heavy chains with
the surrogate light chains plus two very short
chains, Ig-α/Ig-β form

A

Pre B cell receptor

63
Q

adheres to the bone marrow, stromal cell membrane and transmit a signal to prevent rearrangement of any other heavy chain genes.

A

Pre B cell receptor

64
Q

Rearrangement of genetic sequence coding for light chains on either chromosome 2 or 22.

A

Immature B cells

65
Q

Is mainly distinguished by the appearance
of COMPLETE IgM as molecules on the cell
surface.

A

Immature B cells

66
Q

Stage where Mu chains and u chains no longer detectable

A

Immature B cells

67
Q

Immature B cells

surface proteins are

A

CD21
CD40
MHC class II molecules

68
Q

Immature B cells leave the bone marrow and
proceed to seed the _____

A

Spleen & other secondary lymph nodes organs

69
Q

is also responsible for the
breakdown product of the complement
component C3D.

A

CD21

70
Q

CD21 is also a receptor for_______ intended for infectious mononucleosis.

A

EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)

71
Q

act as coreceptor that helps to
regulates further b cell development and
activation.

A

CD19

72
Q

it is an adjuvant for the humoral
immune response. It is mainly involved
with the production of antibodies.

A

C3D

73
Q

Enhancement of reaction

A

Adjuvant

74
Q

MATURE B CELLS
In the spleen, immature B cells develop into mature cells known as

A

marginal zone of B cells

75
Q

In addition to IgM – all mature b cells
exhibit IgD

A

Mature B cells

76
Q

Mature B cells
If B cell is stimulated by antigen, it undergoes
transformation to a ______, which eventually forms memory cells and antibody secreting plasma cells.

A

Blast stage

77
Q

exhibit identifying markers that
include CD25, which is found on both activated T and B cells and acts as a receptor for
(IL-2) growth factor produced by T cells.

A

Activated B cells

78
Q

Activated B cells

surface marker

A

CD25 receptor for Interleukin 2

79
Q

presence of abundant cytoplasmic
immunoglobulin and little to no surface
immunoglobulin.

A

Plasma cells

80
Q

most fully differentiated lymphocyte, and its main function is antibody production.

A

Plasma cells

81
Q

are nondividing, and after several days of antibody production, they die without further proliferation.

A

Plasma cells

82
Q

cluster of differentiation stay at the
surface area (3 points)

A

CD19
CD24
CD45R

83
Q

Within the lobules of the thymus are two
main zones:

A

Outer cortex
Inner medulla

84
Q

significant selection process occurs as
maturation takes place, because it is estimated
that approximately 97 percent of the cortical
cells die intrathymically before becoming
mature T cells.

A

T lymphocyte

85
Q

Thymic stromal cells include:

4 points

A

epithelial cells

macrophages

fibroblasts

dendritic cells

86
Q

Rearrangement of the genes that code for the
antigen receptor known as TCR (T-CELL
RECEPTOR COMPLEX) begins at this stage.

Actively proliferates in the outer cortex
under the influence of interleukins-7.

A

DOUBLE NEGATIVE STAGE

87
Q

Beta chain rearrangement

A

T cell differentiation: Double Negative Stage

88
Q

Alpha chain rearrangement; expression of CD4+ and CD8+

A

Double Positive STAGE

89
Q

DOUBLE NEGATIVE STAGE
complex that serves as the main part of
the T-cell antigen receptor

A

CD3

90
Q

CD3 consist of 4 types of chain:

(that takes part in signaling to
the interior of the cell when antigen binding occurs)

A

EPSILON
GAMMA
DELTA
ZETA

91
Q

Selection process

When the CD3-αβ receptor complex (TCR)
is expressed on the cell surface

A

Positive Selection

92
Q

Positive Selection

T cells must recognize foreign antigen in
association with class ___ or class__ MHC
molecules

A

1 or 2 MHC molecules

93
Q

Takes place among the surviving double-
positive T cells. Exhibit one type of marker either CD4 or CD8

A

Negative Selection

94
Q

Negative Selection:

Exhibit one type of marker either CD4 or CD8
and migrate to _____

A

Medulla

95
Q

Strong reactions with self-peptides send a
signal to delete the developing T cell by
means of apoptosis, or programmed cell
death

A

Negative Selection

96
Q

Most important type of T cells

A

Mature T cells

97
Q

Mature T cells
_______ recognize antigen along with MHC
class II protein. (2/3 of population)

A

CD4+ T cells

98
Q

Mature T cells

T helper cells T subsets

A

Th-1
Th-2

99
Q

mainly associated with the tumor necrosis factor beta (TNFb).

A

Th-1

100
Q

essential for the helping of b cells to produce
antibody against EXTRACELLULAR pathogen;
They produce wide variety of interleukins including interleukins __, __, __, __.

A

Th-2

IL 4, 5, 10, 13

101
Q

______ t cells interact with antigen and MHC class I proteins.

(1/3 population)

A

CD8+

102
Q

Third major subclass CD4+ T-Cell population; plays an important role in suppressing immune response to self-antigens.

A

T Regulatory Cells

103
Q

They also produce interleukin-10 and
transforming growth factor b which switch off the immune response; Prevent autoimmune
responses.

A

T regulatory cells

ImmunoSero (2 decks)

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