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ImmunoSero > INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

A foreign substances that induces such an immune response?

A

Immunogen

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2
Q

Who’s english doctor in 1700s discovered the exposure to cowpox leads to smallpox immunity

A

Edward Jenner

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3
Q

Immunogen are macromolecules that are
capable of triggering an _______

A

Adaptive immune response

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4
Q

Practice of deliberately exposing an
individual to material from smallpox lesions was known as ________

A

Variolation

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5
Q

________ injecting a cellular material from an
organism which is less virulent

A

Vaccination

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6
Q

exposure to one agent produces protection against another agent is known as

A

Cross-Immunity

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7
Q

Attenuated chicken cholera
and anthrax vaccine

A

1880-1881: Pasteur

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8
Q

Process of attenuation of organisms based on Pasteur

A

Heat aging or Chemical mix

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9
Q

Therapeutic vaccination

A

1885: Louis Pasteur

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10
Q

1883-1905 : Elie Metchnikoff

A

Cellular theory of immunity: Phagocytosis

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11
Q

Humoral theory of Immunity

A

1890- Von Behring and Kitasata

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12
Q

Delayed type of immunity (Type 4)

A

1891: Robert Koch

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13
Q

1900: Erlich

A

Antibody formation theory

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14
Q

Immediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis (Type 1, 2, 3)

A

1902: Portier and Richet

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15
Q

Arthus Reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity

A

1903: Arthus
Type 3

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16
Q

Marrack-1938

A

Discovery of antigen-antibody binding

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17
Q

Inactivated dead viral vaccine for:

A

Intramuscular polio vaccine

Salk-1949

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18
Q

Attenuated live vaccine

A

Oral polio vaccine

Sabin 1949

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19
Q

Yellow fever vaccine

A

1951- Reed

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20
Q

old term for Major Histocompatibility Complex

A

Human Leukocyte Antigen

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21
Q

recognize a foreign substances if they are rejected or accepted (like organ transplant)

A

MHC-Major Histocompatibility Complex

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22
Q

Burnet: 1957

A

Clonal Selection Theory

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23
Q

Kohler: 1975

A

First monoclonal antibodies

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24
Q

Identification of antibody molecule

A

1972

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25
Q

T-cell and B-cell cooperation in immune response

A

1964-1968

26
Q

Identification of genes for T-cells receptor

A

1985-1987

27
Q

T cell differentiate in the_______

A

Thymus

28
Q

Lymphocytes is the precursor known as

A

Thymosine

29
Q

enters thymus from bone marrow to blood stream

A

Thymosine

30
Q

T cells produce a chemical messenger that signal the cells that we have if there is an
infection, injury or inflammation.

A

Cytokines

31
Q

Cytokines add immunity by stimulating B cells to produce ______

A

ANTIBODY

32
Q

helps to regulate innate and adaptive immunity

A

T-cells

33
Q

T-cell process

A

CELL MEDIATED IMMNUNITY

34
Q

3 types of T-cells

A

> Helper
Cytolytic
Regulatory

35
Q

Cluster of differentiation for helper and regulatory T cells

A

CD4

36
Q

Cluster of differentiation for cytolytic T cells

A

CD8

37
Q

Cell mediated immunity identify CD marker of

A

CD3 marker

38
Q

Mosmann 1986

A

Produce CYTOKINES that contribute to formation of antibody

39
Q

1996-1998: Pattern Recognition Receptors

A

Identification of toll like receptors

40
Q

2001: a gene directing the regulatory T cells for development

A

FOXP3 (forkhead box P3)

41
Q

Papilloma Virus Vaccine

A

Frazer: 2005

42
Q

Example of ATTENUATED VACCINE

A

/Varicella Zoster Vaccine
/BCG or Bacille Calmette Guarin
/MMR

43
Q

Example of Inactivated Vaccine

A

/Cholera vaccine
/Typhoid Vaccine

44
Q

physiological mechanisms that endow the
animal with the capacity to recognize materials as foreign to itself and to neutralize, eliminate or metabolize them with or without injury to its own tissues

A

IMMUNITY

45
Q

2 Types of Immunity:

A
  1. Acquired or Adaptive Immunity
  2. Natural or Innate Immunity
46
Q

resistance that is characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen

A

Acquired Immunity or 3rd line of defense

47
Q

type of immunity that is not present at birth due to diverse response for every antigen

A

Acquired Immunity

48
Q

Adaptive immunity with characteristics of memory B cells

A

Secondary response

49
Q

ability of an individual to resist
infections by means of normally present body functions

A

Natural or Innate or Non-specific immunity

50
Q

Immunity with standard response to all antigen but lacking of memory

A

Innate immunity

51
Q

composed of structural barriers that prevent most infectious agents from entering the body

A

External Defense System or 1st line of defense

52
Q

External defense system are:

A

•Linings of respiratory tract
•Skin and mucosal membrane surfaces
•Secretions like sweat glands, sebaceous gland, stomach acid, tears and saliva

53
Q

Fatty acid ph level

A

5.6 ph

54
Q

Hydrochloric acid ph level

A

1 ph

55
Q

the most important function in the
Internal Defense System

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

56
Q

Movement of particular cell through blood vessel wall

A

Diapedesis

57
Q

Signals the neutrophils where infectious agent are located within the body; causes migration of cells in a particular direction.

A

Chemotaxins

58
Q

Inflammation occurrence of increased?

A

APR-Acute Phase Reactant

59
Q

Chemotaxins: Positive when

A

Towards the stimulus

60
Q

Chemotaxins: Negative when

A

away from the stimulus

61
Q

the study of a host’s reactions when foreign
substances are introduced into the body

A

IMMUNOLOGY

ImmunoSero (2 decks)

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