Lymphoid Structures

Question 1

Lymph node anatomy

Answer 1

A secondary lymphoid organ many afferentsone or more efferentsEncapsulatedTrabeculae

Question 2

Lymph node functions

Answer 2

1. Nonspecific filtration by macrophages
2. Storage of B and T cells
3. Immune response activation

Question 3

Lymph node follicle

Answer 3

B cell localization

Question 4

Lymph node follicle, outer cortex.

Answer 4

Primary and secondary follicles

Question 5

Lymph node- Primary follicles

Answer 5

dense and dormant

Question 6

Lymph node- Secondary follicles

Answer 6

Active, have pale central germinal centers

Question 7

Lymph node medulla

Answer 7

Medullary cords and sinuses

Question 8

Lymph node medullary cords

Answer 8

lymphocytes and plasma cells

Question 9

Medullary sinuses

Answer 9

Reticular cells and macrophages

Question 10

Lymph node paracortex

Answer 10

T cells. Region of cortex between follicles and medulla. High endothelial venues through which T and B cells enter from blood.

Question 11

Digeorge syndrome

Answer 11

Lymph node paracortex is not well developed.

Question 12

Lymph node response to extreme cellular immune response (i.e. viral infection).

Answer 12

Paracortex enlarges

Question 13

Cells of the medullary cord (of lymph node)

Answer 13

Lymphocytes and Plasma cells

Question 14

Cells of the medullary sinus (of lymph node)

Answer 14

Macrophages and Reticular cells

Question 15

Head and Neck lymph drainage

Answer 15

Cervical

Question 16

Lungs lymph drainage

Answer 16

Hilar

Question 17

Trachea and esophagus lymph drainage

Answer 17

Mediastinal

Question 18

Upper limb, breast, skin above umbilicus lymph drainage

Answer 18

Axillary

Question 19

Liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, upper duodenum lymph drainage

Answer 19

Celiac

Question 20

Lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon to splenic flexure lymph drainage

Answer 20

Superior Mesenteric

Question 21

Lower rectum to anal canal (above pectinate line), bladder, vagina (middle third), prostate lymph drainage

Answer 21

Internal Iliac

Question 22

Colon from splenic flexure to upper rectum lymph drainage

Answer 22

Inferior mesenteric

Question 23

Testes, ovaries, kidneys, and uterus lymph drainage

Answer 23

Para-aortic

Question 24

Anal canal (below pectinate line), skin below umbilicus (except popliteal territory) lymph drainage

Answer 24

Superficial Inguinal

Question 25

Dorsolateral foot, posterior calf lymph drainage

Answer 25

Popliteal

Question 26

Right lymphatic duct

Answer 26

Drains right side of body above diaphragm

Question 27

Thoracic duct

Answer 27

drains everything else into junction of left subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 28

Sinusoids of spleen

Answer 28

1. Long, vascular channels in ‘red pulp’
2. Fenestrated “barrel hoop” basement membrane
3. Macrophages found nearby

Question 29

Where are T cells in the spleen found?

Answer 29

Periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS) within the ‘white pulp.’

Question 30

Where are B cells in the spleen found?

Answer 30

Follicles within the ‘white pulp.’

Question 31

Marginal zone of the spleen

Answer 31

1. between the red and white pulp
2. contains APCs and specialized B cells
3. Where APCs capture blood-borne antigens for recognition by lymphocytes

Question 32

What do macrophages in the spleen do?

Answer 32

Remove encapsulated bacteria

Question 33

Examples of splenic dysfunction

Answer 33

Postsplenectomy Sickle cell disease

Question 34

Splenic dysfunction

Answer 34

Decreased IgM → ↓ complement activation → ↓ C3b opsonization → ↑ susceptibility to encapsulated organisms

Question 35

Encapsulated organisms

Answer 35

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
2. Haemophilus influenzae type b
3. Neisseria meningitidis
4. Escherichia coli
5. Salmonella spp.
6. Klebsiella pneumoniae
7. Group B Streptococci

(SHiNE SKiS)

Question 36

Postplenectomy problems

Answer 36

1. Howell-Jolly bodies
2. Target Cells
3. Thrombocytosis (loss of sequestration and removal)
4. Lymphocytosis (loss of sequestration)

Question 37

Thymus function

Answer 37

T cell differentiation and maturation (it’s encapsulated)

Question 38

Thymus embryology

Answer 38

Derived from the third pharyngeal pouch THymus- THird

Question 39

Cortex of thymus

Answer 39

Dense with immature T cells

Question 40

Medulla of thymus

Answer 40

Pale with:

1. Mature T cells
2. Hassall corpuscles (epithelial reticular cells)

Question 41

Where do B cells mature?

Answer 41

Bone Marrow