Lymphatic System Part 4

Question 1

Name the components of the Lymphatic System

Answer 1

Lymph Vessels
Lymph Nodes
Spleen (produces Lymphocytes)
Thymus Gland
Bone Marrow of long bones
Lymph nodules (tonsils and peyers patch)

Question 2

What are the functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 2

Return protein and water from the interstitium to the cardiovascular system
Absorb fat and fat vitamins
Immune Defence

Question 3

The lymphatic system is multilayered and divided into 3 parts. Name the 3 layers

Answer 3

Superficial System (Lies beneath the skin)
Deep System (muscles, joints, organs)
Visceral System in the intestines

Question 4

Describe the process of lypmphatic transport

Answer 4

1. Transport begins in the interstitial space
2. Fluid and protein enters the Lymphatic Capillary
3. It passes through the pre collectors
4. To the collectors
5. Then travels to the Lymph Nodes
6. Through to the Lymphatic ducts and trunks
7. To join with the venous system in the cervicle area

Question 5

Why can Lymph Capillaries absorb larger molecules such as proteins than blood capillairies

Answer 5

Lumen is Larger

Question 6

Describe the cell wall of a Lymph Capillary

Answer 6

Made up of flat endothilial cells. Its basement membrane has anchoring filaments which anchor to tissues and open flaps. There is not muscular componant

Question 7

Where does interstitial fluid enter the lymph capillaries

Answer 7

Through the endothelial gaps to become lymph

Question 8

What does the lymph consist of

Answer 8

Fat
Cells (Red, White blood cells and Lymphocytes
Proteins
Water
Waste products and foreign objects

Question 9

How do Lymph Capillaries Open

Answer 9

Fluid pressure increases in the interstitium, anchor filaments are stretched and allow junctions between the endorthlium cells to open and fluid pours in

Question 10

What is the role of pre collectors

Answer 10

Gather lymph from the capilliaries and move fluid towards the collectors.
Pre-collectors are located just below the surface of the skin in the du dermal tissue

Question 11

Where are Collector Vessels located?

Answer 11

Within both superficial and deep systems

Question 12

What percentage of Lymph load is collected by the Collectors? And transport in which direction through the regional nodes?

Answer 12

80%

Distal to Proximal

Question 13

What is each section of a Collecting vessel called and what is it bordered by?

Answer 13

Each section is called a Lymphangion and is bordered by proximal and distal bicuspid valves. It is the smallest unit of a lymph collector.

Question 14

What nervous system innervates Lymphangion activity

Answer 14

Automatic

Question 15

How many intrisic contractions will a Lymphangion produce each minute?

Answer 15

6-10

Question 16

What Extrinsic factors influence Lymphangion contractions?

Answer 16

Diaphragmatic breathing
Muscle movement
Arterial pulsation
Negative pressure in the central veins
External pressure

Question 17

What propels fluid movement?

Answer 17

Compulsion from behind, constant production of Lymph.
Lymphangion activity caused by the autonomic nervous system
Negative pressure in central veins.

Question 18

What extrinsic factors propel fluid movement

Answer 18

Breathing
Arterial pulsation
External stretch and pressure (MLD and garments)
Passive and active limb movements due to muscle pump. The muscle squeezes Lymphangions.

Question 19

Where are the main groups of Lymph nodes in the body?

Answer 19

Cervical Lymph Nodes
Axillary Lymph Nodes
Iliac Lymph Nodes
Inguinal Lymph Nodes
Popliteal Lymph Nodes

Question 20

Where do the upper extremity and upper trunk drain into?

Answer 20

Axillary Lymph Nodes

Question 21

Where do the lower extremity, lower trunk and external genitalia drain into?

Answer 21

Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Question 22

Shere is the Throacic duct located?

Answer 22

Starts at the 2nd lumber vertbrae
Pierces through the diaphragm
Moves along the spinal Column
To the left venous angle where it joins to the subclavian vein.

Question 23

The Thoracic Duct is the largest lymph vessel. True or false

Answer 23

true - it is 40 cm long and 5 mm wide

Question 24

What are the 3 parts of the Thoracic duct?

Answer 24

Cervical
Thoracic
Abdominal

Question 25

The Thoracic duct receives fluid from all but which Quadrant of the body?

Answer 25

Right Upper Quadrant

Question 26

Where is the cisterna chyli located and what does it collect?

Answer 26

Beginning of the thoracic duct. It collects fluid from the lower extremity, abdomen and intestinal areas.

Question 27

The Lymphatic Trunks of the lower body are?

Answer 27

Right and left Lumber Trunks. From the inguinal and pelvic nodes the lymph fluid is transport to the cisterna chyli
Intestinal Trunk - from the small intestines to the Cisterna Chyli

Question 28

Where does the right upper quadrant and head and neck drain to?

Answer 28

Right Lymphatic duct which connects to the right subclavian vein

Question 29

The Lymphatic Trunks of the upper body are?

Answer 29

1. Right and left jugular trunk: from the cervical lymph nodes which drain the head and neck.
2. Right and left subclavian trunk: from the axillary lymph nodes to the thoracic duct (left quad) and the right lymphatic duct (right upper quad)
3. Right and left brocho mediastinal trunk: from the bronchi, lungs and mediastinum to the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.

Question 30

What is a Lymphatic Territory?

Answer 30

Specific superficial lymphtic drainage areas which drain lymph to specific lymph nodes.

Question 31

What is a Watershed?

Answer 31

A dividing line between two territories

Question 32

name the Lymphatic Watersheds?

Answer 32

1. Median Saggital (divides left and right territories.
2. Transverse (Divides upper and lower territories).
3. Clavicular (Separates head and neck from upper trunk quadrants.
4. Gluteal
5. Chaps (only goes to knee)

Question 33

Name the two Anastomoses?

Answer 33

Axillo Axillary
Axillo Inguinal
Anastomoses connect tributory regions

Question 34

Name the Watersheds of the Trunk?

Answer 34

Upper Right Quadrant
Upper Left Quadrant
Lower Right Quadrant
Lower Left Quadrant

Question 35

Name the Anastomoses we use for treating unilateral upper limb Lymphoedema

Answer 35

Axillo Axillary Anastomoses

Axillo Inguinal Anastomoses