Lymphatic System Part 4 Flashcards
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Name the components of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Vessels Lymph Nodes Spleen (produces Lymphocytes) Thymus Gland Bone Marrow of long bones Lymph nodules (tonsils and peyers patch)
What are the functions of the lymphatic system
Return protein and water from the interstitium to the cardiovascular system
Absorb fat and fat vitamins
Immune Defence
The lymphatic system is multilayered and divided into 3 parts. Name the 3 layers
Superficial System (Lies beneath the skin) Deep System (muscles, joints, organs) Visceral System in the intestines
Describe the process of lypmphatic transport
- Transport begins in the interstitial space
- Fluid and protein enters the Lymphatic Capillary
- It passes through the pre collectors
- To the collectors
- Then travels to the Lymph Nodes
- Through to the Lymphatic ducts and trunks
- To join with the venous system in the cervicle area
Why can Lymph Capillaries absorb larger molecules such as proteins than blood capillairies
Lumen is Larger
Describe the cell wall of a Lymph Capillary
Made up of flat endothilial cells. Its basement membrane has anchoring filaments which anchor to tissues and open flaps. There is not muscular componant
Where does interstitial fluid enter the lymph capillaries
Through the endothelial gaps to become lymph
What does the lymph consist of
Fat Cells (Red, White blood cells and Lymphocytes Proteins Water Waste products and foreign objects
How do Lymph Capillaries Open
Fluid pressure increases in the interstitium, anchor filaments are stretched and allow junctions between the endorthlium cells to open and fluid pours in
What is the role of pre collectors
Gather lymph from the capilliaries and move fluid towards the collectors.
Pre-collectors are located just below the surface of the skin in the du dermal tissue
Where are Collector Vessels located?
Within both superficial and deep systems
What percentage of Lymph load is collected by the Collectors? And transport in which direction through the regional nodes?
80%
Distal to Proximal
What is each section of a Collecting vessel called and what is it bordered by?
Each section is called a Lymphangion and is bordered by proximal and distal bicuspid valves. It is the smallest unit of a lymph collector.
What nervous system innervates Lymphangion activity
Automatic
How many intrisic contractions will a Lymphangion produce each minute?
6-10
What Extrinsic factors influence Lymphangion contractions?
Diaphragmatic breathing Muscle movement Arterial pulsation Negative pressure in the central veins External pressure
What propels fluid movement?
Compulsion from behind, constant production of Lymph.
Lymphangion activity caused by the autonomic nervous system
Negative pressure in central veins.
What extrinsic factors propel fluid movement
Breathing
Arterial pulsation
External stretch and pressure (MLD and garments)
Passive and active limb movements due to muscle pump. The muscle squeezes Lymphangions.
Where are the main groups of Lymph nodes in the body?
Cervical Lymph Nodes Axillary Lymph Nodes Iliac Lymph Nodes Inguinal Lymph Nodes Popliteal Lymph Nodes
Where do the upper extremity and upper trunk drain into?
Axillary Lymph Nodes
Where do the lower extremity, lower trunk and external genitalia drain into?
Inguinal Lymph Nodes
Shere is the Throacic duct located?
Starts at the 2nd lumber vertbrae
Pierces through the diaphragm
Moves along the spinal Column
To the left venous angle where it joins to the subclavian vein.
The Thoracic Duct is the largest lymph vessel. True or false
true - it is 40 cm long and 5 mm wide
What are the 3 parts of the Thoracic duct?
Cervical
Thoracic
Abdominal
