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Human Anatomy and Physiology II: Lymphatic System > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphatic System

A
  • takes up fluid and moves it back to blood.

- large molecules and immunity.

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2
Q

Components of Lymphatic System

A
  1. Lymph fluid
  2. lymphatic vessels
  3. lymph nodes
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3
Q

lymph fluid

A

the interstitial fluid in lymphatic vessels.

-has a consistency similar to plasma.

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4
Q

lymphoid tissues and organs are separate from_______

A

lymphatic sys.

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5
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

are networks of drainage vessels that collect excess protein- containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.

  • are under really low pressure
  • some fluid from capillaries go through interstitial to get to lymph vessels ( big things that couldn’t go through vessels)
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6
Q

lymphatic vessels have a ________

A

one way (one direction) flow toward the HEART.

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7
Q

lymphatic capillaries

A
  • are widespread but absent from bones, nervous sys and teeth
  • have no capillary beds; they weave between tissue cells and blood capillaries
  • formed by squamous epithelium loosely overlapping endothelial cells
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8
Q

lymphatic capillaries are anchored by _______

A

collagen filaments so that any increase in interstitial fluid volume opens the minivalves rather than cause the lymph capillaries to collapse

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9
Q

lymphatic capillaries are very permeable due to_____

A

2 unique features:

  1. minivalves
  2. collagen filaments
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10
Q

fluid accumulates in capillaries to produce pressure

A

drives the lymph towards the the lymphatic system.

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11
Q

Mini-Valve Sys: Lymph. Capill.

A

regulates how much fluid gets in.
when fluid pressure is > press of lymph cap. the minivalves open to allow lymph in.
when pressure is > in lymph cap, the valves close

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12
Q

proteins can easily enter______

A

lymphatic capillaries

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13
Q

Lacteals

A

a specialized lymphatic capillary in the small intestine

  • functions in amino acid digestion; transports absorbed fat from the small intestine to the bloodstream
  • increase absorption in small intestine
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14
Q

In the small intestine lymph is _____ and called____

A

milky-white; chyle

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15
Q

lymph flow

A
  1. lymph capillary ~ 2. collecting lymphat. vessels~3.lymphatic trunks~4. lymphatic ducts
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16
Q

Lymphatic Vasculature

A

lymph cap merge into lymph collecting vessels that empty into lymphatic trunks then to lymphatic ducts

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17
Q

lymphatic collecting vessels have______

A

the three tunics;

  • thinner walls than veins
  • have more valves than veins because it is under low pressure
  • anastomose more than veins
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18
Q

the FIVE major lymphatic trunks

A
  • drain large body areas
    1. bronchomediastinal-(2)
    2. subclavian (2)
    3. jugular (2)
    4. lumbar (2)
    5. intestinal-1
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19
Q

the lumbar trunk drains_____

A

the lower limbs

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20
Q

the intestinal trunk drains______

A

digestive organs

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21
Q

ALL of the trunks empty into the _______

A

lymphatic ducts in the thoracic region and which gets dumped back into the circulatory sys

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22
Q

the TWO ducts

A

Right and thoracic

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23
Q

the right duct drains________

A

the right side of the head, the right upper arm (upper limbs) and right side of thorax

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24
Q

the thoracic duct drains_______

A

the rest of the body and the lumbar & intestinal trunks

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25
In some people the thoracic trunk starts as a sac called the_____
cisterna chyli
26
factors assisting in lymphatic flow
has "no pump" 1. valves- one directional and prevent back flow 2. muscular pump- contraction of skeletal muscle 3. respiratory pump- used by veins; breathing causes pressure changes in thorax 4. arterial pumping-arteries pulsations pushing through helps lymph push through 5. smooth muscle contractions- helps push in vessels. ( found in tunics of lymphatic ducts and trunks except the smallest vessels.
27
antigens
anything that provokes an immune response (like bacteria and their toxins; viruses, mismatched RBCs or cancer cells
28
lymphoid cells
consists of immune sys. cells - Lymphocytes - macrophages - dendritic cells - reticular cells
29
lymphocytes
the main warriors of the immune sys. | has B and T cells.
30
B Cells (lymphocytes)
- have specific types for specific antigens - attack free floating things which make it become activated. - produce plasma cells that produce antibodies that are released and bind to pathogens (antigens) to mark it for destruction, don't KILL. - produce memory cells in case of being infected again
31
immunocompetent
- "mature" - have to develop the ability to attack specific pathogens - have to be activated in order to be able to attack which entails binding to pathogens to be activated - cells have a receptor specific to something
32
T Cells
- activated T cells manage immune response - activation usually kills what it activates on contact/site; attack damaged body cells - activation cause memory cell production - some directly attack and destroy infected cells
33
dendritic cells
phagocytic; - engage in phagocytosis of foreign substances; - capture antigens and bring them back to lymph nodes
34
reticular cells
create a matrix to hold other cells in place; -a mesh (reticular fiber) called stroma- network of reticular cells that supports other cells in lymphatic tissue and organs
35
reticular cells
create a matrix to hold other cells in place; - a mesh (reticular fiber) called stroma- - stroma- network of reticular cells that supports other cells in lymphatic tissue and organs
36
receptors on cell surface either come from ____ or____ and are____
thymus; RBM; genetic
37
lymphoid tissue
- temporarily houses lymphocytes - proliferation (multiply) site for lymphocytes - dominates in all the lymphoid organs except the thymus - composed of reticular connect. tiss. - allows for detection of infection or damage
38
primary lymphoid organs
- thymus - RBM - where B & T cells mature
39
secondary lymphoid organs
where mature lymphocytes first encounter their antigens and are activated - lymph nodes - spleen - tonsils - peyer's patch - appendix
40
MALT
tonsils, peyer's patch, appendix
41
lymph nodes
major organ - found along lymphatic vessel area - majority in neck, arm and groin - only organ that cleans the lymph
42
spleen
largest lymphat. organ - RBC graveyard (recycling) - macrophages and lymphocytes - filters blood
43
thymus
function early in life - degenerates as we age - is a derivative of the primitive pharynx lining then drops near heart.
44
tonsils
located at back of oral cavity and naval cavity and ear
45
peyer's patches
distal part of small intestine | -inflammation causes appendicitis
46
Lymph node function
- surrounded by a capsule w/ trabeculae extensions - multiple entries; one exit. - lymph builds up - lymph enters via afferent lymphatic vessels; lymph exits through efferent lymphatic vessels at hilus - filters lymph through sinuses ( which are large lymphatic capillaries) - fewer efferent vessels than afferent vessels, so the lymph slows allowing time for lymphocytes and macrophages to do work.
47
Spleen Action
"blood filter" -blood delivered via splenic artery -lymph filtered by lymphocytes ( immune functions) in WHITE pulp then -filtered by macrophages in red pulp ( worn-out RBCs and blood borne pathogens) -cleansed fluid returns to splenic veins * extracts aged and defective RBCs, platelets, and macrophages remove debris and foreign substances
48
thymus action
- no stroma in reticular cells - action most prominent in newborns - secretes thymosin and thymopoietin - causes t-lymphocytes to become immunocompetent - doesn't directly fight antigens - has no B cells
49
tonsils
gather and remove many of the pathogens entering pharynx in food or inhaled air. -4 types: palatine, lingual, pharyngeal, tubal
50
palatine tonsils
- the most often infected tonsils - back of oral cavity. - paired - the LARGEST tonsil
51
lingual tonsils
- sides/base of tongue | - paired
52
pharyngeal tonsils
- large - known as the ADENOIDS - located in posterior wall of nasopharynx
53
tubal tonsils-
- surrounds auditory canal tube into pharynx | - paired
54
tonsil histology
- have follicles with germinal centers surrounded by lymphoctyes - crypts- pathways; trap bacteria and particulate matter; fluid trapped here; dead ends
55
tonsil action
- crypts-- pathways; trap bacteria and particulate matter; fluid trapped here; dead ends - bacteria pass through epithelium into the lymphoid tissue then - the lymphoid tissue destroys the pathogens - memory cells are formed
56
peyer's patches
isolated clusters of lymphoid follicles - destroy bacteria - generate memory lymphocytes
57
lymphatic development
- developing veins bud off lymph sacs ("blood sacs") at 5th week then - jugular lymph sacs form first ( vena cava and iliac veins form) - then these form a branching system of lymphatic vessels then - connection of jugular lymph sac w/ jugular veins become right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct - lymphoid organs develop from mesodermal mesenchyme that become reticular tissue EXCEPT the thymus.
58
the thymus develops______
FIRST
59
the thymus develops from______
endothermal derivative
60
Embryo thymus
- has no lymphocytes-mom does the work | - after birth the lymphoid organs populate w/ lymphocytes

Human Anatomy and Physiology II: Lymphatic System (3 decks)

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