Lymphatic System

Question 1

Fluid

Answer 1

Lymph
Interstitial fluid
Returns plasma proteins -> blood stream

Question 2

Lymphatic vessels

3 types

Answer 2

Structures + organs containing lymphatic tissue

1. Lymphatic capillaries
2. Lymphatic ducts
3. Lymph nodes

Question 3

Lymphatic tissue

Answer 3

Specialised connective tissue

With large no lymphocytes

Question 4

Red bone marrow

Answer 4

Stem cells develop into RBC + WBC

Question 5

Functions

3

Answer 5

Drain tissue spaces of excess interstitial fluid -> CVS

Transport dietary lipids + lipid soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K): GI -> blood

Protect body - immune responses

Question 6

Lymphatic capillaries

Answer 6

Smallest vessel
Slightly bigger than blood cap
Closed-ended
Overlapping endothelial cells
Throughout body - except CNS, bone marrow, spleen + avascular tissues

Question 7

Lymphatic ducts

Answer 7

Capillaries merge
Thin walled
More valves than in veins

Question 8

Lymph nodes
Location…
Function…

Answer 8

Periodically along vessels
Lymphocytes in capsular structure
Scattered throughout body
Conc near mammary glands, axillae + groin

Filter lymph + trap foreign substances

Question 9

Lymph flows due to:

4

Answer 9

Muscle contraction
1-way valves
Respiratory pressure
Smooth muscle contraction in lymph vessel wall

Question 10

Lymphatic organs:

Primary

Answer 10

Thymus

Red bone marrow

Question 11

Lymphatic organs:

Secondary

Answer 11

(Sites where mostly immune response occurs)
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Lymphatic nodules

Question 12

Thymus

Answer 12

Two lobed organ

Immature T-cells
- bone marrow -> thymus cortex to multiply + mature

Mature T-cells
- enter blood -> lymph nodes, spleen + other lymphatic tissues

Question 13

Lymph nodes:

Contain

Answer 13

Plasma cells
Mature B-cells
T-cells
Dendrite cells
Macrophages

Question 14

Germinal centres

Answer 14

Clusters of B lymphocytes

Rapidly proliferating + differentiating upon stimulation with antigen

Question 15

Spleen

Answer 15

Largest single mass of lymphoid

2 types of functional tissue

Question 16

Spleen:

White pulp

Answer 16

Lymphatic

Lymphocytes + macrophages surrounding central arteries

Question 17

Spleen:

Red pulp

Answer 17

Blood filled venous sinuses + splenic cords

With RBC, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, granular leukocytes

Question 18

Spleen:

Functions

Answer 18

Destroys worn + defective blood cells + platelets
Stores platelets
Production of blood cells in foetal life

Question 19

Spleen rupture

Answer 19

I.e. haemorrhage
Removed
Red bone marrow + liver can take over functions

Question 20

Lymphatic nodules

Answer 20

Masses of lymphatic tissue
Not surrounded by capsule
Some in large clusters - e.g. tonsils