Lymphatic System Flashcards
What does the lymphatic system consist of?
Lymph fluid and ducts lymph nodes spleen thymus tonsil and adenoids peyer patches
Lymph tissue located in where?
Stomach, appendix, bone marrow and lungs
Except for placenta and CNS
Fxn of immune system
protects body from antigens
Removes damaged cells
Partial barrier to malignant cells
Immunocompetence can lead to
Allergies
Immunodeficiencies
Autoimmune disorder
`Metabolic processes of immune system
movement in a closed circuit produce lymphocytes production of antibodies phagocytosis absorption of fat and fat-soluble substances manufacture of blood
Composition of lymph
Clear fluid
WBCs
RBCs
Proteins
Drainage of lymph
Moves from blood to interstitial spaces Collected by ducts Carried to nodes Moves to venous Closed but porous circulation
Lymph nodes
Receive lymph from ducts
Surrounded by capsules of connective tissue and fibrils
Located superficially and deep
Lymphocytes
Respond to antigens
B-lymphocytes produce antibodies
T-lymphocytes control immune response of B-lymph
Humoral and Cellular immunity
Increased presence of lymphocytes indicated infection
Thymus
Extends upward into lower neck
Primary fxn during childhood
T-cell production
Spleen
Blood-forming organ
red corpuscle storage
contain blood-filtering macrophages
immune response usually originates here
Tonsils and Adenoids
Palatine - tonsils
Pharyngeal - adenoids
Lingual - base of tongue
Responds to inhaled or intranasal antigens
Peyer Patches
Lymph tissue in small intestine
HPI: enlarged nodes
character associated local associated systemic predisposing factors medications
HPI: Swelling of extremity
unilateral or bilateral, intermittent, duration
predisposing
associated
efforts at treatment
PMHx
Chest radiographs TB Blood trans Chronic illnes surgery recurrent infections autoimmune disorder allergies
FH
Malignancy Anemia Recent infections TB Immune disorder Hemophilia
Personal and Social
Travel
Drugs (IV)
Alcohol
Sexual hx
Three physical signs of disorder of lymph
lymphadenopathy - enlarged nodes
lymphangitis - red-streaks
lyphedema
Inspection
Lymph nodes edema erythema red streaks skin lesions
Palpation
enlargement consistency mobility tenderness size warmth
Node characteristics
harder - malignancy tender - inflammation nodes dont pulsate Palpable supraclavicular could be abdominal or thoracic malignancy Virchow node
Head sequence
Occipital Postauricular Preauricular Parotid/tonsillar Submandibular Submental
Neck sequence
Anterior cervical
Posterior cervical
Cervical nodes in SCM
Supra and infraclavicular
Other areas of nodes
axillae
epitrochlear
inguinal and popliteal
spleen
Acute lymphangitis
Inflammation of one or more lymphatic vessel
Acute suppurative lymphadenitis
infection or inflammation of lymph node
May affect a single or localized group
Lymphedema
swelling due to fluid accumulation due to inadequate drainage
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
malignany neoplasm
Hodgkin = malignant lymphoma
Cat scratch disease
subacute/chronic lymphadenitis in children
A&P in children
antibodies are immature Thymus is largest tonils are larger lymph node distribution is same as adult lumphatic system gradually reaches adult
Hx of infants and children
recurrent infections present or recent infections or trauma in distal nodes poor growth, failure to thrive loss of interest in play or eating immunizations maternal HIV infections hemophilia
Exam in infants and children
enlarged postauricular/occipital not unusual in younger than 2
enlarge cervical/submandibular frequent in older than one
Hx of pregnant women
weeks of gestation
hx of rubella and other infections
presence of pets in household - cat litter or feces
A&P in older
number of nodes may diminish
size decreases
nodes of older are more fibrotic and fatty
impaired ability to resist infection
Hx of older
presence of autoimmune
recent infection or trauma distal to nodes
delayed healing
