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Anatomy Module 1 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

0
Q

Functions of lymphatic system

A

Removes excess fluid away from the interstitial fluid comp
Participates in the body’s immune response by producing lymphocytes
Transports fats from the digestive system to the bloodstream

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1
Q

A network of lymph vessels, tissues and organs distributed all over the body and connected to the circulatory system

A

Lymphatic System

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2
Q

These are the exta-nodal lymphatic tissues

A

MALT
Tonsil
Thymus
Spleen

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3
Q

The single cell wall of the capillaries is called the

A

Endothelium

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4
Q

It enables the interchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, other nutrient and waste chemicals

A

Endothelium

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5
Q

In most capillary beds more filtration occurs where and less reabsorption

A

Arterial end

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6
Q

Smallest tube of the lymphatic network

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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7
Q

Excessive interstitial fluid results into

A

Edema

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8
Q

Lymph coming from the digestive system milky in appearance is called

A

Chyle

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Presence of valves permit the lymph to moe only in the direction of the bloodstream

A

True

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

One-way lymph valves ensure flow is only toward the VENOUS SIDE of the circulation

A

True

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11
Q

Clinically edema is manifested by

A

Swelling

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12
Q

Lymphatic block by infestation of nematodes of the Filariae family

A

Elephantiasis

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13
Q

When lymphatic capillaries merge it form the

A

Collecting vessels or lymphatic vessels

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14
Q

There are 3 distinct layers that could be seen in a lymphatic vessel

A

Inner layer: elongated endothelial cells
Middle layer: smooth muscle and fine elastic fibers
External layer: connective tissues

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Lymphatic vessels differ from the veins

A

True

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16
Q

Difference of lymphatic vessels from the veins

A

Layers are thinner than those of the veins
Valves in LV are mire numerous and placed at much shorter intervals
They anastomose more than the veins

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17
Q

Large collecting vessels merge to form

A

Lymphatic trunks

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18
Q

The principal lymphatic trunks are

A 
Lumbar trunks
Intestinal trunk
Broncho-mediastinal trunks
Jugular trunks
Subclavian trunks
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19
Q

Lumbar trunks drain

A

L&R, lower limbs, pelvis and abdomen except digestive sys

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20
Q

Intestinal trunk drains

A

Part of the digestive system below the diaphragm

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21
Q

Broncho-mediastinal trunks drain

A

Throrax

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22
Q

Jugular trunks drain

A

L&R part of the head and neck

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23
Q

Subclavian trunks drain

A

L&R, upper limbs

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24
Q

Lymphatic trunks drain into 2 main lymphatic ducts the

A

Right lymphatic duct and

Thoracic duct

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25
Q

Largest diameter of lymphatic vessels directly emptying into the venous system

A

Lymphatic ducts

Right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

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26
Q

This duct drains the right side of the body above the diaphragm
(Right face, head, neck, upper limb and thorax)

A

Right lymphatic duct

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27
Q

Opens into the right brachiocephalic vein at the junction of the right internal jugular and subclavian veins

A

Right lymphatic duct

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28
Q

Drains the rest of the body except the right side above the diaphragm
(Left head, neck, upper extremity, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and 2 lower extremities)

A

Thoracic duct

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29
Q

Drains chyle-lymph from the digestive system containing emulsified fats and free fatty acids

A

Thoracic duct

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30
Q

A triangular lymphatic dilatation in the abdomen anterior to the L2 vertebral body to the right and posterior to the aorta

A

Cisterna chyli

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31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Thoracic duct possesses a BICUSPID valve which faces into the vein to prevent reflux of blood into the duct

A

True

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32
Q

Small, oval or bean-shaped bodies

A

Lymph node

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33
Q

T or F

There are approx 500-600 lymph nodes in the body

A

True

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34
Q

The lymph node is surrounded by a dense CT

A

Capsule

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35
Q

Extend inward incompletely dividing the node io compartments

A

Trabeculae

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36
Q

Extending from the capsule and trabeculae are

A

Fine reticular fibers

Lymphocytes are tightly packed within the network

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37
Q

3 different zones of the lymph node with their corresponding immune cells

A

Cortex- mostly B cells
Paracortical zones- T cells
Medulla- B cells and plasma cells are found

38
Q

In the cortex lymphocytes group together into nodules

A

Primary germinal center

Secondary germinal center - B cells divide by cell division

39
Q

In the medulla lymphocytes mainly B cells and plasma cells are arranged in

A

Medullary cords

40
Q

It contains immobile macrophages (histiocytes) that trap foreign particles and filter lymph

A

Medullary sinuses

41
Q

Produced in the BM transported in the blood and lymph circulation differentiate into plasma cells

A

B cells

42
Q

Develop in the thymus transported in the blood and lymph circulation accumulate in lymphatic tissue

A

T cells

43
Q

Directly kill pathogens

A

T-cytotoxic cells

44
Q

Engulf pathogens get their antigens and present them to the T-cells and B-cells to facilitate action

A

Dendritic cells

45
Q

Lymph flow

A
  • Afferent lymph vessels at the convex part of the node
  • Subcortical sinus
  • Cortical sinus
  • Medullary sinus
  • Efferent lymph vessels at the hilum
46
Q

Lie above and beneath the SCM m

Drain internal struc of the throat part of the posterior pharynx, tonsils and thyroid gl

A

Anterior cervical lymph nodes

47
Q

In front of the trapezius from the level of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone to the clavicle
Enlarged during upper respi infection

A

Posterior cervical lymph nodes

48
Q

Located below the angle of the mandible and drain the tonsillar and posterior pharyngeal regions

A

Tonsillar lymph nodes

49
Q

Along the underside of the jaw on either side and in the floor of the mouth

A

Sub-mandibular lymph nodes

50
Q

Found below the chin and drain the teeth and intra oral cavity

A

Submental lymph nodes

51
Q

Above the clavicle, lateral to where it joins the sternum which drain a part of he thoracic cavity and abdomen

A

Supraclavicular lymph nodes

52
Q

Left supraclavicular lymph node which receives the lymph drainage from most of the body especially the abdomen via the thoracic duct

A

Virchow’s node

53
Q

Placed above the medial epicondyle of the humerus and drain the vessels that accompany the basilic vein (ulnar digits and medial arm)

A

Supratrochlear (cubital) lymph nodes

54
Q

Found beside the cephalic vein, bet pectoralis major and deltoid m
Drain the lymph vessels that accompany the cephalic v (radial digits and lateral arm)

A

Delto-pectoral nodes

55
Q

Accompany the basilic and cephalic veins into the axillary lymph jodes

A

Superficial lymph vessels

56
Q

Accompany deep veins and drain into the lateral (brachial) axillary lymph nodes

A

Deep lymph vessels

57
Q

Embedded in the fat contained in the popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal nodes

58
Q

Located below the inguinal lig approx 20 in number

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

59
Q

Receive afferents from the external genitalia (except testes) perineum, anus, buttocks and abdominal wall below the umbilicus

A

Horizontal (Superior) lymph nodes

60
Q

Drain vessels that accompany the long saphenous vein

A

Vertical (inferior) lymph nodes

61
Q

Found under the fascia lata, on the medial side of the femoral vein

A

Deep inguinal nodes of the lower limbs

62
Q

Pre-aortic nodes (in front of the aorta) is composed of

A

Celiac nodes
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

63
Q

Lymph nodes of the pelvis

A 
External iliac nodes
Internal iliac nodes
Common iliac nodes
Sacral nodes
Lumbar (lateral aortic) nodes
64
Q

Drain the internal and external iliac nodes

A

Common iliac nodes

66
Q

Lymph nodes that receive lymphatics from the pelvis

A

Sacral nodes

67
Q

Extra-nodal lymphatic tissues has a ___ CT stroma serving

A

Reticular

68
Q

T or F:

only the lymph nodes have afferent & efferent lymphatic vessels

A

True

69
Q

What are the extra-nodal lymphatic tissues?

A

Mucous membranes-associated lymphatic tissue “MALT”
Tonsils
Thymus
Spleen

70
Q

Line the internal organs and the various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment like the respiratory, digestive and genito-urinary system, nose, eyes and ears

A

MALT

71
Q

Give examples of mucous membrane associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

A

GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue, e.g. Peyer’s patches)
BALT (bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue)
NALT (nose-associated lymphoid tissue)
LALT (larynx-associated lymphoid tissue)
SALT (skin-associated lymphoid tissue)
VALT (vascular-associated lymphoid tissue)
CALT (conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue

72
Q

aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are usually found in the most distal portion of the small intestine, the ileum

A

Peyer’s patches

73
Q

Partially encapsulated lymphatic tissues Covering epithelium invaginates to form crypts where bacteria are trapped & attacked

A

Tonsils

74
Q

What ring does the tonsils form around the entrances of the respiratory and digestive passages

A

Waldeyer’s ring

75
Q

T or F:

The tonsils atrophies with age?

A

True

76
Q

Enlarged pharyngeal tonsils

A

Adenoids

77
Q

Enlargement of the tonsils from infection or tumor

A

Tonsillar hypertrophy-

78
Q

Soft, lobulated, grayish-pink organ and increases to its maximum size, weight and function at puberty

A

Thymus

79
Q

T or F:

The thymus is an encapsulated organ.

A

True

80
Q

What are the 3 encapsulated lymphatic organs?

A

Thymus
Spleen
Lymph Nodes

81
Q

Thymic corpuscles that consists of hyaline material surrounded by layers of flattened epithelioid cells

A

Hassl’s bodies

82
Q

T or F

At birth the thymus is found at the neck then descends into the mediastinum

A

True

83
Q

Facilitates T-lymphocyte maturation

A

Thymus

84
Q

Loss of this organ at an early stage results in severe immunodeficiency and high susceptibility to infection

A

Thymus

Because majority of the T-cell maturation happens in childhood

85
Q

Autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction presenting with fluctuating periods of easy fatigability and weakness of voluntary muscles of the face and limbs

A

Myasthenia gravis

86
Q

Largest lymphatic organ in the body

Located at the left upper quadrant of the abdomen

A

Spleen

87
Q

2 surfaces of the spleen

A

A convex posterior diaphragmatic surface facing superiorly and laterally

An anterior visceral surface

88
Q

3 areas of the anterior visceral surface

A

Gastric- in contact with the greater curvature of the stomach
Renal- in contact with the upper anterior surface of the left kidney
Colic- in contact with the left splenic flexure of the colon

89
Q

Attaches the spleen to the stomach

A

Gastrosplenic ligament

90
Q

Attaches the spleen to the left kidney

A

Splenorenal (lienorenal) ligament

91
Q

Largest br of the celiac trunk (1st br of abdominal aorta)

A

Splenic Artery

92
Q

Exits the hilum
Drains into the hepatic portal vein
Travels posterior to the pancreas

A

Splenic vein

93
Q

One of the most commonly injured abdominal organ

A

Ruptured spleen

Anatomy Module 1 (3 decks)

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