Lymphatic System

Question 1

Lymph

Answer 1

fluid composed of water, electrolytes, cellular waste, and protein

Question 2

When is lymph formed?

Answer 2

Formed in the plasma during capillary exchange.

Question 3

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 3

capillaries, larger vessels go to ducts

Question 4

What are lymphatic vessels called in the abdomen?

Answer 4

lacteals

Question 5

What does the right lymphatic duct drain?

Answer 5

Right neck and head, right limb, and right side of trunk

Question 6

What does the thoracic duct drain?

Answer 6

Left neck and head, lower body, left limb, and left side of trunk

Question 7

What muscles act as a pump and squeeze lymphatic vessels?

Answer 7

Skeletal muscles

Question 8

What changes cause lymph to flow?

Answer 8

Respiration and pressure changes

Question 9

What muscles contract in lymph vessels?

Answer 9

Smooth muscles

Question 10

What causes lymph to flow one way (similar to veins)?

Answer 10

Valves

Question 11

What filters lymph in the lymphatic system?

Answer 11

Lymph Nodes

Question 12

What are the three clusters of lymph nodes?

Answer 12

Cervical, axillary, and inguinal

Question 13

What do cervical lymph nodes do?

Answer 13

Cleanse lymph from the head and the neck

Question 14

What do axillary lymph nodes do?

Answer 14

Cleanse lymph from the upper extremities, shoulders, and breast

Question 15

What do inguinal lymph nodes do?

Answer 15

Cleanse lymph from lower extremities and external glands

Question 16

What type of vessels are going towards the lymph node?

Answer 16

Afferent vessels

Question 17

What are nodules in a lymph nodes?

Answer 17

Compartments separated by sinuses (lymph-spilled spaces)

Question 18

What are macrophage cells in nodules?

Answer 18

Defensive cells

Question 19

How does lymph leave lymph nodes?

Answer 19

Efferent vessels

Question 20

What are tonsils?

Answer 20

Partially encapsulated lymph nodes in the throat

Question 21

What do tonsils do?

Answer 21

Filter fluid entering thru the nose and mouth; gather and remove pathogens

Question 22

What are the three kinds of tonsils?

Answer 22

Pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual

Question 23

When did the Thymus become active?

Answer 23

Early life

Question 24

What system does the thymus play a role in the formation of?

Answer 24

Immune system

Question 25

What happens to the thymus after puberty?

Answer 25

It shrinks

Question 26

What are thymosins?

Answer 26

hormones promote growth and activity of lymphocytes and lymphoid functions

Question 27

What is the largest lymphoid organ of the body?

Answer 27

Spleen

Question 28

Where is the spleen located?

Answer 28

Upper left quadrant

Question 29

What does the spleen do?

Answer 29

Filters and cleanses blood

Question 30

What are the two types of tissue found in the spleen?

Answer 30

Red pulp and white pulp

Question 31

How does blood reach the spleen?

Answer 31

Via the splenic artery

Question 32

What destroyed microbes in the spleen?

Answer 32

Leukocytes

Question 33

What blood cells does the spleen destroy?

Answer 33

Old red blood cells

Question 34

What role does the spleen have before birth?

Answer 34

The formation of red blood cells

Question 35

How does cleansed blood leave the spleen?

Answer 35

Via the splenic vein

Question 36

What is localized edema?

Answer 36

Lymphedema

Question 37

What lymphocytes protect against antigens?

Answer 37

T and B Lymphocytes

Question 38

How to T cells attack antigens?

Answer 38

They attack directly

Question 39

How do B cells attack antigens?

Answer 39

They produce antibodies

Question 40

What kind of cells phagocytize foreign substances?

Answer 40

Macrophage cells

Question 41

What cells capture antigens and bring them to the lymph nodes?

Answer 41

Dendritic cells

Question 42

What do reticular cells do in the lymphatic system?

Answer 42

Produce fibrous stroma

Question 43

What are the primary organs in the lymphatic system?

Answer 43

Red bone marrow and thymus

Question 44

Where do both T and B lymphocytes originate?

Answer 44

In red bone marrow

Question 45

Where do T cells mature?

Answer 45

In the thymus

Question 46

What are the secondary organs in the lymphatic system?

Answer 46

Lymph nodes, spleen, MALT of the tonsils, peyer's patches of intestine, and appendix

Question 47

What does MALT mean?

Answer 47

Mucosa-assisted lymphoid tissue

Question 48

What is the only organ that has afferent vessels?

Answer 48

Lymph nodes

Question 49

What types of vessels do all of the organs EXCEPT lymph nodes have?

Answer 49

Efferent vessels

Question 50

What also cleanses the lymph?

Answer 50

Phagocytes

Question 51

What happens once the lymph nodes activate the immune system?

Answer 51

Dendritic cells bring antigens to the nodes and T cells are activated

Question 52

How are lymph nodes shaped?

Answer 52

Bean shaped- about 1 inch in length

Question 53

What is the term for infected lymph nodes (swollen glands)?

Answer 53

Lymphadenopathy

Question 54

What two structures do lymph nodes have?

Answer 54

Cortex and medulla

Question 55

What is the internal stroma of a lymph node made of?

Answer 55

Reticular fibers

Question 56

What are lymph nodes surrounded and divided by?

Answer 56

Surrounded by a capsule, divided by trabeculae

Question 57

Where do afferent lymphatic vessels lead to?

Answer 57

Sinuses in medulla

Question 58

Where and how does fluid exit lymph nodes?

Answer 58

Exits at the hilium via efferent lymphatic vessels

Question 59

What is another action of the spleen?

Answer 59

Lymphocyte proliferation

Question 60

What two things does the spleen store?

Answer 60

platelets and monocytes

Question 61

What does MALT include?

Answer 61

the tonsils- palatine, lingual, tubal, and pharyngeal (adenoid)

Question 62

What are Peyer's patches?

Answer 62

aggregated lymphoid nodules in the wall of distal small intestine

Question 63

Where is the appendix?

Answer 63

The beginning of the small intestine

Question 64

What does the appendix do?

Answer 64

Prevents bacteria from breaching the intestinal wall

Question 65

Where is the thymus located?

Answer 65

Inferior neck and partially overlies the heart?