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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Lymph

A

fluid composed of water, electrolytes, cellular waste, and protein

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2
Q

When is lymph formed?

A

Formed in the plasma during capillary exchange.

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3
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

capillaries, larger vessels go to ducts

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4
Q

What are lymphatic vessels called in the abdomen?

A

lacteals

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5
Q

What does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A

Right neck and head, right limb, and right side of trunk

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6
Q

What does the thoracic duct drain?

A

Left neck and head, lower body, left limb, and left side of trunk

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7
Q

What muscles act as a pump and squeeze lymphatic vessels?

A

Skeletal muscles

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8
Q

What changes cause lymph to flow?

A

Respiration and pressure changes

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9
Q

What muscles contract in lymph vessels?

A

Smooth muscles

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10
Q

What causes lymph to flow one way (similar to veins)?

A

Valves

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11
Q

What filters lymph in the lymphatic system?

A

Lymph Nodes

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12
Q

What are the three clusters of lymph nodes?

A

Cervical, axillary, and inguinal

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13
Q

What do cervical lymph nodes do?

A

Cleanse lymph from the head and the neck

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14
Q

What do axillary lymph nodes do?

A

Cleanse lymph from the upper extremities, shoulders, and breast

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15
Q

What do inguinal lymph nodes do?

A

Cleanse lymph from lower extremities and external glands

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16
Q

What type of vessels are going towards the lymph node?

A

Afferent vessels

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17
Q

What are nodules in a lymph nodes?

A

Compartments separated by sinuses (lymph-spilled spaces)

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18
Q

What are macrophage cells in nodules?

A

Defensive cells

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19
Q

How does lymph leave lymph nodes?

A

Efferent vessels

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20
Q

What are tonsils?

A

Partially encapsulated lymph nodes in the throat

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21
Q

What do tonsils do?

A

Filter fluid entering thru the nose and mouth; gather and remove pathogens

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22
Q

What are the three kinds of tonsils?

A

Pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual

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23
Q

When did the Thymus become active?

A

Early life

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24
Q

What system does the thymus play a role in the formation of?

A

Immune system

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25
Q

What happens to the thymus after puberty?

A

It shrinks

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26
Q

What are thymosins?

A

hormones promote growth and activity of lymphocytes and lymphoid functions

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27
Q

What is the largest lymphoid organ of the body?

A

Spleen

28
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

Upper left quadrant

29
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

Filters and cleanses blood

30
Q

What are the two types of tissue found in the spleen?

A

Red pulp and white pulp

31
Q

How does blood reach the spleen?

A

Via the splenic artery

32
Q

What destroyed microbes in the spleen?

A

Leukocytes

33
Q

What blood cells does the spleen destroy?

A

Old red blood cells

34
Q

What role does the spleen have before birth?

A

The formation of red blood cells

35
Q

How does cleansed blood leave the spleen?

A

Via the splenic vein

36
Q

What is localized edema?

A

Lymphedema

37
Q

What lymphocytes protect against antigens?

A

T and B Lymphocytes

38
Q

How to T cells attack antigens?

A

They attack directly

39
Q

How do B cells attack antigens?

A

They produce antibodies

40
Q

What kind of cells phagocytize foreign substances?

A

Macrophage cells

41
Q

What cells capture antigens and bring them to the lymph nodes?

A

Dendritic cells

42
Q

What do reticular cells do in the lymphatic system?

A

Produce fibrous stroma

43
Q

What are the primary organs in the lymphatic system?

A

Red bone marrow and thymus

44
Q

Where do both T and B lymphocytes originate?

A

In red bone marrow

45
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

In the thymus

46
Q

What are the secondary organs in the lymphatic system?

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, MALT of the tonsils, peyer’s patches of intestine, and appendix

47
Q

What does MALT mean?

A

Mucosa-assisted lymphoid tissue

48
Q

What is the only organ that has afferent vessels?

A

Lymph nodes

49
Q

What types of vessels do all of the organs EXCEPT lymph nodes have?

A

Efferent vessels

50
Q

What also cleanses the lymph?

A

Phagocytes

51
Q

What happens once the lymph nodes activate the immune system?

A

Dendritic cells bring antigens to the nodes and T cells are activated

52
Q

How are lymph nodes shaped?

A

Bean shaped- about 1 inch in length

53
Q

What is the term for infected lymph nodes (swollen glands)?

A

Lymphadenopathy

54
Q

What two structures do lymph nodes have?

A

Cortex and medulla

55
Q

What is the internal stroma of a lymph node made of?

A

Reticular fibers

56
Q

What are lymph nodes surrounded and divided by?

A

Surrounded by a capsule, divided by trabeculae

57
Q

Where do afferent lymphatic vessels lead to?

A

Sinuses in medulla

58
Q

Where and how does fluid exit lymph nodes?

A

Exits at the hilium via efferent lymphatic vessels

59
Q

What is another action of the spleen?

A

Lymphocyte proliferation

60
Q

What two things does the spleen store?

A

platelets and monocytes

61
Q

What does MALT include?

A

the tonsils- palatine, lingual, tubal, and pharyngeal (adenoid)

62
Q

What are Peyer’s patches?

A

aggregated lymphoid nodules in the wall of distal small intestine

63
Q

Where is the appendix?

A

The beginning of the small intestine

64
Q

What does the appendix do?

A

Prevents bacteria from breaching the intestinal wall

65
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

Inferior neck and partially overlies the heart?

66
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (2 decks)

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