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ANP 1105 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the “lost fluid”

A

The amount of fluid that enters the interstitial fluid but doesn’t return to the blood. It is cleansed of debris, and pathogens and returned to the systemic circulation

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2
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic vessels?

A
  • return excess tissue fluid to the blood
  • return leaked proteins to the blood
  • carry pathogens to lymph nodes
  • carry absorbed fat from the intestine to the blood through lacteals
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3
Q

What is lymph?

A

interstitial fluid that enters the lymphatic capillaries

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4
Q

which body region drains lymph into the right lymphatic duct?

A

right lower limb

  • the thoracic duct receives lymph from the right lower limb
  • the right lymphatic duct receives lymph from the regions superior to the diaphragm on the right side of the body
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5
Q

what are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

thymus (thyroid area) and the red bone marrow

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6
Q

what are the secondary primary lymphoid organs?

A

lymph nodes, tonsils (dimples and chin area), spleen (left side below lungs above intestines), Peyer’s patches (lymphoid nodules in the small intestine), appendix (at the end of the large intestine (right side))

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7
Q

What is the intention of the lymphatic system?

A

To filter out any bad solutes and molecules that may be within the blood by taking out a bit of fluid from the interstitial fluid and removing waste

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8
Q

What systems does the lymphatic system support?

A
  • cardiovascular
  • immune
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9
Q

does the lymphatic system return the interstitial fluid?

A

YES

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10
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. lymph: watery substance flowing through the lymphatic system, leftover blood plasma forced out of capillaries
  2. lymphatic vessels: tunnels that get the lymph where it actually needs to be while checking it on the way using |v|
  3. lymph nodes: checkpoints for the lymph
  4. lymphatic tissues: some containing immune cells to help cleanse and defend against any potentially harmful substances, others house maturing immune cells
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11
Q

What is the function of the thymus and spleen?

A

house maturing immune cells aka lymphocytes

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12
Q

What constructs lymphatic capillaries?

A

endothelial cells and flaplike minivalves that open when pressure outside the capillary is higher than inside

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13
Q

What is the order of travel in the lymphatic system?

A

lymph node > lymph trunk > lymph duct

increasing in size as they progress

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14
Q

how many lymph ducts are there and where do they feed back?

A

2 and into lowest pressure areas of the circulatory system

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15
Q

Where does each lymphatic duct collect from?

A

Right: Upper right torso, right arm, right side of head and thorax dump into the jugular vein
Larger thoracic duct: the rest of the body and dumps into the subclavian vein

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16
Q

What is edema?

A

Swelling due to buildup of lymph fluid, can result in the blocking of an artery and lack of oxygen

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17
Q

What do lymphocytes in lymph nodes do when they find bacteria or other microorganisms?

A
  1. release macrophages that are present in. the lymph node
  2. activate general immune system if extra support is needed
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18
Q

Where are lymphocytes found and where do they mature?

A

loose reticular connective tissue

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19
Q

what are inflamed lymph nodes an early sign of?

A

disease or infection

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20
Q

there are special checkpoints by what other tissues and why?

A

respiratory and digestive tissues because they are extra sensitive to infections

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21
Q

What are MALTs and what does that stand for?

A

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissues the outposts in mucous membranes that help protect extra sensitive tissues

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22
Q

What are examples of MALTs?

A

Tonsils, Peyer’s patches by the small intestine, appendix

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23
Q

What lymph organ holds a reservoir of platelets?

A

spleen

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24
Q

what tissue composes the stroma of most lymphoid organs?

A

reticular connective

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25
Q

what lymphatic vessel collects interstitial fluid?

A

capillaries

26
Q

what lymphatic structure absorbs lipids in the intestine?

A

lacteal

27
Q

What are the 4 kinds of tonsils and what are their unique functions/locations?

A

Palatine tonsils are at the back of your throat by the dangly thing/pharynx

Tubal tonsils are located at the sides of the roof of your mouth

Submandibular are sort of at the back of your tongue

Pharyngeal are at the roof of your mouth

28
Q

What does the lymphatic system help maintain in relation to the cardiovascular system?

A

blood volume and therefore, pressure

29
Q

Do lymph nodes have more efferent or afferent vessels?

A

afferent - slows flow

30
Q

how many ways does lymph flow and in which direction(s)?

A

one way, towards the heart

31
Q

what organ develops and trains lymphocytes?

A

thymus

32
Q

what actually filters lymph?

A

lymph nodes

33
Q

Excess tissue fluid in the brain drains into the ___

A

CSF

34
Q

What is the CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

35
Q

What happens when tonsilitis occurs?

A

inflamed and enlarged tonsils

36
Q

what is called when lymph nodes are filled with pus?

A

buboes

37
Q

what is the name for a severe localized edema?

A

lymphedema

38
Q

What is the symptom of lymphangitis?

A

red lines under the skin that are sensitive to touch

39
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphatic collecting ducts?

A
  • presence of valves
  • anatomical distributions of each vary among individuals
  • they’re made of 3 layers of tunics
40
Q

Why does lymphoid tissue swell when there is an infection?

A

when there is infection, b lymphocytes divide in order to attack the infection more aggressively, the increased number of cells causes the tissue, and thereby, the organ, to appear swollen

41
Q

what are the trabeculae extensions of and what is their function?

A

the capsule of a lymph node, to divide the lymph node into multiple sections

42
Q

What are the many sections of the lymph node?

A
43
Q

what are medullary cords?

A

thin, inwards extensions from the cortical lymph tissue in the lymph node

44
Q

what are the different types of tissues in lymph organs

A
45
Q

what are the large lymph capillaries in a lymph node that’re created by crisscrossing reticular fibres?

A

lymph sinuses

46
Q

which of the following trunks is unpaired? jugular, bronchomediastinal, intestinal, lumbar

A

the intestinal

47
Q

what is the site of erythrocyte production in feti?

A

spleen

48
Q

define white vs red pulp

A
49
Q

Where do B lymphocytes originate and mature?

A

in red bone marrow

50
Q

what is the function of T lymphocytes?

A

producing an immune response

51
Q

what is the function of b lymphocytes?

A

producing plasma cells

52
Q

what is the function of macrophages?

A

phagocytizing foreign entities

53
Q

what are dendritic cells and what are their functions?

A

capture antigens and delivers to lymph nodes while activating t cells

54
Q

what are reticular cells?

A

produce reticular fibers called stroma in lymph organs

55
Q

what is the stroma?

A

network-like support that acts as scaffolding for immune cells

56
Q

what is reticular connective tissue?

A

all lymphoid organs except thymus contain it, the lamina propria of mucous membranes, macrophages in networks, lymphocytes with temporary stopovers

57
Q

what are the 2 main types of lymphoid tissues?

A

diffuse lymphoid tissue: which are a loose arrangement of lymphoid cells and some reticular fibers, in basically every organ with larger collections in lamina propria of mucous membranes

lymphoid follicles or nodules: solid, spherical bodies consisting of tightly packed lymphoid cells and reticular fibers with germinal center of proliferating B cells

58
Q

whats the difference between primary and secondary lymphoid organs?

A

primary: produce and mature T and B cells

secondary: where mature lymphocytes first encounter antigens and become activated

59
Q

what is the construction of lymph nodes?

A

the cortex: follicles with germ centres containing dividing B cells

medulla: has medullary cords containing B and T cells with large lymph sinuses aka lymph capillaries, they also have a large network of reticular fibers where macrophages are stationed to police the lymphatic fluid

60
Q

enters via afferent vessels on which side?

A

convex side

ANP 1105 (3 decks)

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