Lymphatic drainage of Head and Neck Flashcards
Name the primary and secondary organs of the immune system
Primary: bone marrow and thumbs
Secondary: spleen, tonsils, peyer’s patches, MALT tissues, lymphatic system (nodes, fluid, vessels)
What happens in the primary immune system organs?
Lymphocytes (stem cells) are formed and can mature into either …
Bone marrow: B cell maturation
Thymus: T cell maturation
What happens in the secondary immune system organs?What do these tissues do?
Lymphocytes are activated, tissues filter and monitor extra cellular fluids
Name four structures where MALT (mucosa associated lymphatic tissue) is found
Salivary glands, lung, stomach, appendix
What is the function of lymph nodes?
Filters through the lymph with immune function
What composes lymph?
Tissue fluid and plasma proteins
Where do lymphoid tissues form aggregations?
At body entrances
Where does the majority and the minority of lymph drain?
Majority: Thoracic duct -> L subclavian vein (at its junction with the IJV)
Minority: drains to the R lymphatic duct -> R subclavian vein
Describe the structure of lymphatic vessels, which vessel type are they most structurally similar to?
Thin walled and most contain valves (to keep it going in the right direction), structurally similar to veins
Which vessel influences venous return and how?
Arterial pulsation compresses lymph vessels and aid venous return
Which system does the lymphatic system develop with?
The vascular system
What are the two major groups of lymph nodes and how do they interact? Which is more palpable?
Regional nodes are superficial and therefore more palpable, they drain specific areas -> a number of regional nodes will drain into a terminal deep node
How many lymph nodes are there in the body and how many are there in the neck?
800 in the body
300 in the neck
What is the most common cause of swelling in the neck?
Enlarged cervical lymph nodes
List the 6 groups of regional lymph nodes from anterior-> posterior, where can many of them be found?
Many can be found on the pericraniocervical line
- Submental
- Submandibular
- Parotid (preauricular)
- Mastoid
- Occipital
- Superficial cervical
Which vessel does the superficial cervical lymph nodes run with? (+ which muscle does it cross over)
Runs with EJV and crosses over sternocleidomastoid
What do the submental lymph nodes drain?
Lower lip and tip of tongue
What do the submandibular lymph nodes drain?
Lip, lateral body of tongue, nose and face
What do the parotid (preauricular) lymph nodes drain?
Temporal scalp and eye
What do the mastoid lymph nodes drain?
External Auditory meatus (EAM) and pinna (external ear)
What do the occipital lymph nodes drain?
Occipital scalp region to vertex
What are the three major deep (terminal) lymph nodes and what do they drain?
- Jugulo-digastric: tonsil, pharynx, posterior tongue
- Deep cervical chain: superficial node groups
- Jugulo-omohyoid: superficial node groups draining oral cavity, trachea, esophagus, thyroid and central tongue