Lymphatic and Immune Vocab

Question 1

acquired immunity

Answer 1

production of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen

Question 2

adenoids

Answer 2

mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

Question 3

antibody

Answer 3

protein produced by B cell lymphocytes to destroy antigens

Question 4

antigen

Answer 4

substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response. Most antigens are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bacteria, viruses, or organ transplant tissue

Question 5

axillary nodes

Answer 5

lymph nodes in the armpit

Question 6

B cell (B lymphocyte)

Answer 6

lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies.

Question 7

cervical nodes

Answer 7

lymph nodes in the neck region

Question 8

complement system

Answer 8

proteins in the blood that helps antibodies and T cells kill their target

Question 9

cytokines

Answer 9

proteins that aid and regulate the immune response. Examples are interferons and interleukins

Question 10

cytotoxic T cell

Answer 10

T lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells (CD8 cell or T8 cell)

Question 11

dentritic cell

Answer 11

specialized macrophage that digests foreign cells and helps B and T cells to mark antigens for destruction

Question 12

helper T cell

Answer 12

lymphocyte that aids B cells and cytotoxic T cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production; also called CD4 cell or T4 cell

Question 13

immunity

Answer 13

body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins. This includes natural immunity and acquired immunity

Question 14

immunoglobulins

Answer 14

antibodies (gamma globulins) such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen

Question 15

immunotherapy

Answer 15

use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease

Question 16

inguinal nodes

Answer 16

lymph nodes in the groin region

Question 17

interferons

Answer 17

proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells to aid and regulate the immune response

Question 18

interleukins

Answer 18

proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes.

Question 19

interstitial fluid

Answer 19

fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries.

Question 20

lymph

Answer 20

thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body.

Question 21

lymph capillaries

Answer 21

tiniest lymphatic vessels

Question 22

lymphoid organs

Answer 22

lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland

Question 23

lymph node

Answer 23

a collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels

Question 24

lymph vessel

Answer 24

carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

Question 25

macrophage

Answer 25

large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

Question 26

mediastinal nodes

Answer 26

lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity

Question 27

monoclonal antibody

Answer 27

antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells. It is useful in immunotherapy.

Question 28

natural immunity

Answer 28

protection that an individual inherits to fight infection

Question 29

plasma cell

Answer 29

lymphocyte that produces and secretes antibodies. It originates from B lymphocytes

Question 30

right lymphatic duct

Answer 30

large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body.

Question 31

spleen

Answer 31

organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells

Question 32

suppressor T cell

Answer 32

lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T lymphocytes. Also called a Treg (regulatory T cell)

Question 33

T cell (T lymphocyte)

Answer 33

lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland; it acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic antigens

Question 34

tolerance

Answer 34

the ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly. Once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body.

Question 35

thoracic duct

Answer 35

large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm; it empties the lymph into veins in the upper chest.

Question 36

thymus gland

Answer 36

organ int he mediastinum that conditions T lymphocytes to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

Question 37

tonsils

Answer 37

mass of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

Question 38

toxin

Answer 38

poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants

Question 39

vaccination

Answer 39

exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. The response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection.

Question 40

vaccine

Answer 40

weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease.