Lymphatic and Immune Pathology and Tests Flashcards
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems
allergy
abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen
lymphoma
malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue. ie. Hodgkin disease, and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas
multiple myeloma
malignant tumor of bone marrow cells
thymoma
malignant tumor of the thymus gland
allergen
substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body; a type of antigen
anaphylaxis
exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance
atopy
hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition.
CD4 cells
Helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface. HIV binds to CD4 and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein. AIDS patients have an inadequate number of CD4 cells
Hodgkin disease
malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph nodes; Reed-Sternberg cell often is found on microscopic analysis
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma
malignant lesion associated with AIDS; arised from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules
non-Hodgkin lymphomas
group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue. Examples are follicular lymphoma and larch cell lymphoma
opportunistic infections
infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lowers the body’s resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained
protease inhibitor
drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV
reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)
drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV
wasting syndrome
weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS
CD4 cell count
measures the number of CD4 T cells (helper T cells) in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS
ELISA
screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream
immunoelectrophoresis
test that separates immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, IgD)
viral load test
measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the blood stream.
computed tomography (CT) scan
x-ray imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures
