Lymphatic and Immune Pathology and Tests

Question 1

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 1

group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems

Question 2

allergy

Answer 2

abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen

Question 3

lymphoma

Answer 3

malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue. ie. Hodgkin disease, and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Question 4

multiple myeloma

Answer 4

malignant tumor of bone marrow cells

Question 5

thymoma

Answer 5

malignant tumor of the thymus gland

Question 6

allergen

Answer 6

substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body; a type of antigen

Question 7

anaphylaxis

Answer 7

exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance

Question 8

atopy

Answer 8

hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition.

Question 9

CD4 cells

Answer 9

Helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface. HIV binds to CD4 and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein. AIDS patients have an inadequate number of CD4 cells

Question 10

Hodgkin disease

Answer 10

malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph nodes; Reed-Sternberg cell often is found on microscopic analysis

Question 11

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 11

virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS

Question 12

Kaposi sarcoma

Answer 12

malignant lesion associated with AIDS; arised from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules

Question 13

non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Answer 13

group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue. Examples are follicular lymphoma and larch cell lymphoma

Question 14

opportunistic infections

Answer 14

infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lowers the body’s resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained

Question 15

protease inhibitor

Answer 15

drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV

Question 16

reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)

Answer 16

drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV

Question 17

wasting syndrome

Answer 17

weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS

Question 18

CD4 cell count

Answer 18

measures the number of CD4 T cells (helper T cells) in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS

Question 19

ELISA

Answer 19

screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream

Question 20

immunoelectrophoresis

Answer 20

test that separates immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgE, IgA, IgD)

Question 21

viral load test

Answer 21

measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the blood stream.

Question 22

computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer 22

x-ray imaging produces cross-sectional and other views of anatomic structures