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ACE Lesson 4: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Lymphatic, and Endocrine Systems > Lymphatic and Endocrine Systems / Hormonal Responses to Exercise > Flashcards

Lymphatic and Endocrine Systems / Hormonal Responses to Exercise Flashcards

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1
Q

functions of the lymphatic system

A

1) Destruction of bacteria and other foreign substances present in lymph nodes
2) Specific immune responses that aid in manufacturing antibodies to destroy bacteria and foreign substances
3) The return of interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
4) Prevention of excessive accumulation of tissue fluid and filtered proteins by drainage into highly permeable lymphatic capillaries in the connective tissues

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2
Q

Lymph fluid is similar to blood except that it does not contain…

A

red blood cells and platelets

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3
Q

what the lymphatic system prevents

A

edema - swelling of intercellular spaces

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4
Q

the system that is responsible for regulating bodily activities through the production of hormones

A

endocrine system

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5
Q

often referred to as the “master gland” due to its regulatory effect on other glands and its importance in controlling many diverse bodily functions

A

pituitary gland

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6
Q

the pituitary gland is divided into these two lobes

A

posterior and anterior

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7
Q

hormone that is released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

vasopressin

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8
Q

reduces urinary excretion of water and prevents dehydration

A

vasopressin

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9
Q

the six hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Mneumonic: FLTAGP - Fresh Lettuce Tops Angus Grassfed Patties

A 
Follide-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin
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10
Q

referred to as gonadotropins because of their effects on the gonads; control the secretion of estrogen and testosterone

A

follide-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

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11
Q

stimulates synthesis and release of thyroxine which helps control the rate of oxygen utilization

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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12
Q

1) controls the secretion in the adrenal gland hormones that influence metabolism of carbohydrates, sodium, and potassium
2) controls the rate at which substances are exchanged between the blood and tissues

A

adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)

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13
Q

1) stimulates the growth of the skeletal system and also general growth
2) promotes the entrance of amino acids into the body’s cells for their incorporation into protein and releases fatty acids into the blood for use as energy
3) promotes the formation of glucose and its release into the blood

A

growth hormone (GH)

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14
Q

involved in the initiation and maintenance of breast-milk production and secretion in females

A

prolactin

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15
Q

the three hormones release by the thyroid gland

A

thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

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16
Q

released by the thyroid to regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and lipids, thereby increasing the body’s oxygen consumption and heat production

A

thyroxine and triiodothryronine

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17
Q

released by the thyroid to lower blood calcium and phosphate levels by accelerating the absorption of calcium by the bones

A

calcitonin

18
Q

the 5 major endocrine glands

A

1) pituitary
2) thyroid
3) parathyroids
4) adrenals
5) pancreas

19
Q

hormone released by the parathyroid glands

A

parathyroid hormone

20
Q

hormone that raises plasma calcium levels and lowers blood phosphate levels

A

parathyroid hormone

21
Q

hormones released by the adrenal glands

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine, mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), and glucocorticoids (cortisol)

22
Q

the two distinct parts of the adrenal glands

A

medulla (inner portion) and cortex (outer portion)

23
Q

the two hormones produced by the adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

24
Q

the two hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

A

mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) and glucocorticoids (cortisol)

25
Q

affects carbohydrate metabolism and generally promoting hyperglycemia; constricts vessels in skin, mucous membranes, and kidneys; dilates vessels in skeletal muscle

A

epinephrine

26
Q

increases heart rate and force of contraction of the myocardium; constricts blood vessels in most areas of the body

A

norepinephrine

27
Q

promotes reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium in the kidneys

A

mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

28
Q

promotes protein and triglyceride breakdown; aids in the utilization of glucose and mobilization of fatty acids

A

glucocorticoids (cortisol)

29
Q

this gland lies just below the stomach and its role is to produce digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate carbohydrate metabolism

A

pancreas

30
Q

causes the liver and muscle cells to uptake glucose and store it in the form of glycogen which decreases blood sugar levels and is considered hypoglycemic; encourages fat cells to take on blood lipids and turn them into triglycerides; also has other anabolic effects on the body

A

insulin

31
Q

causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream; increases blood sugar levels and is considered hyperglycemic

A

glucagon

32
Q

synthesized in the liver as a result of growth hormone during exercise

A

insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2)

33
Q

vasopressin is also called this

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

34
Q

acts to limit sodium excretion in the urine to maintain electrolyte balance during exercise

A

aldosterone

35
Q

the absence of menstruation

A

amenorrhea

36
Q

term used for epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

catecholamines

37
Q

T/F: Catecholamine output declines significantly during the first several weeks of submaximal endurance training.

A

True

38
Q

Catecholamines response to endurance training

A

decreased secretion at rest and at the same absolute exercise intensity after training

39
Q

Cortisol response to endurance training

A

slight elevation during exercise

40
Q

Insulin response to endurance training

A

Increased sensitivity to insulin; normal decrease in insulin during exercise greatly reduced with training

41
Q

Glucagon response to endurance training

A

Smaller increase in glucose levels during exercise at absolute and relative workloads

42
Q

Growth hormone response to endurance training

A

No effect on resting values; less dramatic rise during exercise

ACE Lesson 4: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Lymphatic, and Endocrine Systems (2 decks)

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