Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Flashcards
1) liquid component of blood
2) responsible for carrying hormones, plasma proteins, food materials, ions, and gases
plasma
Categories of Blood Vessels
Mnemonic: AACVV - Aunt Agnes Carries Valuable Vases
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, and venules
hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to plaque accumulation
Arteriosclerosis
allow the exchange of materials between the blood and the interstitial fluid between the cells
capillaries
1) serves as a pump that pushes the blood through the body
2) located between the lungs and lies left of center behind the sternum
heart
four chambers of the heart
right and left ventricles, right and left atria
the muscular wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart; prevents mixing of blood from the two sides of the heart
interventricular septum
the movement of blood through the heart
from the atria (receiving chambers) to the ventricles (propulsion chambers) to the arteries
backflow from the arteries into the ventricles is prevented by these two valves
pulmonary semilunar valve (right ventricle) and aortic semilunar valve (left ventricle)
right side of the heart receives CO2 rich blood which is pushed into the lungs where the CO2 is released for oxygen
pulmonary circuit
left side of the heart receives the newly oxygenated blood and pumps it to the various tissues of the body via the arteries
systemic circuit
the period from the beginning of one heart to the beginning of the next
cardiac cycle
contraction phase of the cardiac cycle where blood leaves the ventricles
systole
relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle where blood fills the ventricles
diastole
Upper and lower respiratory pathways
Mnemonic: NPLTLBBA - Nurse Purchases Little Toy for Little Bashful Boy Again
Nasal Septum, Pharynx, Larynx. Trachea, Lobes (Superior, Middle, Inferior), Bronchi (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary), Bronchioles, Alveoli
throat; where air passes through and is warmed
pharynx
“Adam’s apple”
larynx
air breathed per minute 1) at rest, 2) exercise
1) 5-6 liters
2) 20-30 liters
number of alveoli in the lungs which provide an enormous area for gas exchange
300 million
1) space that separates the two lungs
2) contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, and part of the trachea
mediastinum
most important muscle of inspiration upon which the lungs rest on top of; considered the only skeletal muscle essential for life
diaphragm
the 3 basic processes that must interact to provide adequate blood and nutrients to the tissues
1) getting oxygen into the blood (pulmonary circuit)
2) delivering oxygen to the active tissues (cardiac output)
3) extracting oxygen from the blood to complete the metabolic production of ATP
the oxygen carrying capacity of blood is determined primarily by 2 variables
1) ability to adequately ventilate the alveoli in the lungs
2) the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the blood
protein in the blood cells that is adapted to bond with (i.e., carry) oxygen molecules
hemoglobin
reduction of red blood cells and/or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood below normal values; causes an individual to fatigue easily
anemia
heart rate (beats per minute) X stroke volume (amount of blood pumped per heartbeat)
cardiac output
these muscle fibers are adapted for oxygen extraction and utilization due to their high levels of oxidative enzymes
slow-twitch muscle fibers
where aerobic production of ATP takes place
mitochondria of the cells
