Lxa. Test Questions, Fortified Wines Flashcards
What does flor need in order to thrive?
a) over 15.5% alcohol and warm temperatures
b) 15% alcohol, cool to moderate temperatures and high humidity
c) 15% alcohol, hot temperatures and residual sugar
b) 15% alcohol, cool to moderate temperatures and high humidity
How long must all Sherry be aged by law?
a) 1 year
b) 18 months
c) 3 years
c) 3 years
What alcohol % is an Oloroso Sherry fortified to?
a) 15%
b) 17%
c) 19%
b) 17%
What method is used for sweetening a Pale Cream Sherry?
a) the addition of sun-dried PX grapes
b) fermentation is stopped with alcohol leaving residual sugar in the wine
c) the addition of Rectified Concentrated Grape Must (RCGM)
c) the addition of Rectified Concentrated Grape Must (RCGM)
What style is an Oloroso Sherry?
a) deep brown with oxidative notes of toffee, leather and nuts
b) deep brown and intensely sweet with high residual sugar
c) amber with yeast derived aromas combined an oxidative character
a) deep brown with oxidative notes of toffee, leather and nuts
What is the maximum amount of wine a producer is allowed to draw from the solera over the course of the year?
a) one third
b) half
c) two thirds
a) one third
What is a criadera?
a) 600 litre oak barrel
b) a level of barrels in the Solera system
c) hot and drying wind that can raise the temperature up to 40°C
b) a level of barrels in the Solera system
What is the annual average millimetres of rainfall in Pinhão (Cima Corgo)?
a) 1200
b) 900
c) 700
c) 700
What does Tinta Cão contribute to the blend in Port?
a) gives a soft fruitiness
b) adds tannin
c) gives robust wines with perfumed aromas
b) adds tannin
Which of the following grapes is not used in Port?
a) Tinta Barroca
b) Tinta Negra
c) Tinta Roriz
b) Tinta Negra
What is the average ageing time of a vintage Port before it is bottled?
a) 18 months – 3 years
b) between 4 – 6 years
c) minimum 3 years ageing
a) 18 months – 3 years
What is an autovinifier?
a) a mechanical process using CO2 that is similar to pumping over
b) stainless steel vats where the cap is pressed down with piston-plungers
c) robotic feet that mimic that actions of foot treading
a) a mechanical process using CO2 that is similar to pumping over
In Port production, the fermenting wine reaches what level of alcohol in order for fortification to happen?
a) 4 – 6%
b) 6 – 9%
c) 9 – 12%
b) 6 – 9%
What is a beneficio?
a) system to control Port production through grading classifications
b) system of planting vines vertically up the slopes
c) a style of Port from a single quinta
a) system to control Port production through grading classifications
What is another name for the Malvasia grape in Madeira?
a) Monastrell
b) Marsanne
c) Malmsey
c) Malmsey
What is an Estufa?
a) a method of fortification
b) stainless steel containers for heating wine
c) large oak barrels for ageing wine
b) Stainless steel containers for heating wine
Which grape is used in Madeira?
a) Tinta Barroca
b) Tinta Cão
c) Tinta Negra
c) Tinta Negra
What is the minimum ageing requirement for a wine aged in the Canteiros system?
a) 1 year
b) 3 years
c) 5 years
b) 3 years
Which of the following ACs allows the use of the inferior Muscat of Alexandria grape?
a) Muscat de Beaumes de Venise
b) Muscat de Saint Jean de Minervois
c) Muscat de Rivesaltes
c) Muscat de Rivesaltes
What is the principal grape used in Banyuls?
a) Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains
b) Grenache
c) Touriga Nacional
b) Grenache
Where in Australia is the Rutherglen region located?
a) Western Australia
b) New South Wales
c) Victoria
c) Victoria
Port Grapes?
Touriga
2
Nacional,
Franca
Port Grapes?
Tinta
3
Barr oca, (Fruity)
Cao, (Tannin)
Roriz (Finesse)
Name the Three zones of the Douro Valley?
Ba ixo Corgo,
Cima Corgo,
Douro Superior
Jeraz soil types?
3
Al bar iza (Main soil, Chalk)
Arenas (Sandy),
Barros (Clay)
What are Blended Sherries know as?
Vinos Generosos de Licor
What is Pale Cream Sherry?
Fino blended with RCGM.
Rectified Concentrated Grape Must
What is Medium Sherry?
Amontillado blended with naturally sweet Sherries.
What is Cream Sherry?
Oloroso and Sweet Sherries
What is the name of the new wine that is a resting period?
Sob re tabla
What is the ABV of Fino after Fermentation?
11 - 12%
What is Fino fortified to?
15.5%
What are the small producers called who can mature but not sell Sherry called?
Alma cen istas
What is name of the cool / humid wind?
Poniente
What is the name of the hot / drying wind?
Levante
What 3 towns make up the Andalucain triangle?
Jerez, de la Frontera.
Sanlucar de Barrameda.
Puerto de Santa Maria.
What does VORS stand for?
Age?
Very Old Rare Sherry.
Age = 30 years at least
What does VOR stand for?
Age?
Very Old Sherry.
Age = 20 years at least
By Law all Sherry must be aged a minimum of?
3 years
What does FLOR feed off of?
Alcohol and Oxygen.
A byproduct of FLOR that provides flavour is?
Ace tal dehyde
Acetaldehyde
What are the name of the levels in a Solera System?
Cri ad era,
Criadera
Solera (final stage)
Timing of Fortification?
Port
During fermentation
Timing of Fortification?
Madeira
During fermentation
Timing of Fortification?
Vin Doux Naturels (VDN)
During fermentation
Timing of Fortification?
Rutherglen Liqueur Muscat
During fermentation
What is a Barcos Rabelos?
Small boat used to ship port down the Duoro river.
What is the size of a “Pipe”
550L
What does fortification do to a wine?
Arrests fermentation.
Increases stability
Increases longevity.
Traditionally wines were fortified to withstand long journeys by ship.
What are the Noble grapes of Madeira?
Sercial
Verdelho
Bual (Boal)
Malmsey (Malvasia)
What is not a Noble grape of Madeira but used extensively in production of Port?
Tinta Negra (red grape)
What do the vineyards of the Douro look like?
They are terraced vineyards
What is a Socalcos?
5
Old, Narrow Flat Terraced vineyard. No more than 3 rows per terrace. Not Mechanised Expensive 40% still active
What is taken into consideration in the classification of a port vineyard?
4
Aspect.
Grape Variety.
Soil Type.
Yield.
What is a Patamares?
5
1970's Wider slightly sloping Terraces. Earth Walls Developed with Road access. Erosion is a problem
What is a Vinha ao Alto?
5
1980's Un-terraced Vineyard. Rows planted up and down. Developed with Road access. Erosion is a problem
Which 4 categories of Sherry are allowed to show an age indication?
Amontillado,
Oloroso,
Palo Cortado,
PX
Sherries that can show a vintage date on their label are know as?
Anada.
How are Anada Sherries aged?
Statically.
Is an Anada Sherry aged in a Solera?
No.
What style of wine does Baixo Cargo produce?
The Lightest Wines
What is Cima Corgo know for?
Where most top vineyards are located.
What are the names of the mountains protecting the Port vineyards?
Serra do Marao.
Port. How many Grapes authorized?
80
Port. How many Grapes recommended?
29
Port. What is the Tinta Roriz more commonly know as in Spain?
Tempranillo
What does Tinta Roriz add to Port wine?
Finesse
What does Tinta Barroca add to Port wine?
Fruity
Name the 2 White Port Grapes?
Sercial ( Esgana Cao)
Malvasia
What are the traditional granite troughs located in the Portugal wineries called?
Lagares
What two new systems are in place to replicate traditional foot treading?
Piston Plungers.
Robotic Lagar
What is the name of the Grape based spirit added to Port?
Agurdente
Agu r dente (means, Burning Water)
What is the ABV of Agurdente?
77%
What is the ratio of Agurdente to Wine?
Wine = 4
to
Agurdente = 1
What is the typical fermentation period of Port?
24 to 36 hours
Tawny Port with an indication of age, can only be labeled?
10 / 20 / 30 / over 40
Madeira, What is an Canteiros?
Rack to hold maturing Barrels.
Where are Canteiros located?
In the lofts of merchants Lodges in Madeira
A Canteiros is heated by the Sun above what temperature? (C)
30 Degrees C
Which wines are aged in a Canteiros system?
Single Varietals.
Vintage (Frasqueira)
What is the minimum maturation period for a aged indicated Canteiros Madeira?
3 years
What is the abv% of the Grape spirit used in Fortification of Madeira?
96%
Typically, how many days before fortification takes place for Madeira?
1 to 5 days.
Which Madeira wine is fortified first?
Sweetest
What temperature is a Estufa brought up to and for how long?
45 to 50 Degrees C
3 Months.
What is a 3 year old Madeira Called?
How is it aged?
Finest
Estufa
What is a 5 year old Madeira Called?
Predominately what is the main grape?
Reserve
Tinta Negro.
What is a 10 year old Madeira Called?
Special Reserve.
Reserva Velha
What is a 15 year old Madeira Called?
Extra Reserve
What is the minimum age of a Colheita Madeira?
Minimum 5 years
What are the key facts to Vintage Madeira?
Minimum Age?
Grapes Used?
Minimum 20 years.
Noble
Muscat de Beaumes de Venise AC is from?
Rhione (just south of Gigondas)
Muscat de Saint Jean de Minevois AC is from?
Langedoc
Muscat de Rivesaltes AC is from?
Roussillon
Muscat de Beaumes de Venise AC. and
Muscat de Saint Jean de Minevois AC
Use which Grape?
Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains
Muscat de Rivesaltes AC uses which grape?
Muscat de Alexandria
Where is Rasteau AC located?
Rhone
What is Rasteau AC?
VDN
Grenache
Rutherglen uses which grape?
Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains
Rutherglens Maturation process is what?
Version of a Solera
Casks in Hot Sheds
What is the age of a Ruby Port
< 3 years
What is the age of a Reserve Ruby Port?
5 years
What is the age of a LBV?
4 to 6 years
What is the age of a Tawny Port?
Same as Ruby
< 3 Years
What is the age of a Reserve Tawny Port?
7 years
What is the age of a Vintage Port when bottled?
18 months to 3 years
What is the age of a Quinta Port
Same as Vintage
Vino Generoso (SP)
Fortified wine
What is a Quinta?
Single Estate
At what minimum age can a Estfa Madeira be sold?
2 years.
Which Madeira is best suited for after dinner purposes.
Malmsey is a sweeter-style of Madeira
