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ECHO > LV Systolic and Diastolic Function > Flashcards

LV Systolic and Diastolic Function Flashcards

1
Q

Grades of Diastolic Dysfunction

A

Grade I Impared Relaxation
Grade II Pseudo-Normal Filling
Grade III Restrictive Filling

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2
Q

Causes of Diastolic Dysfunction

A

Primary Myocardial disease
Secondary LV hypertrophy
Coronary Artery disease
Extrinsic Constraint

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3
Q

In which cases we can not mesuare th E’?

A

Prostetic#
Valve
Annuloplasty or Mitral Annular Calcifiaction

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4
Q

How to get me Maximun HR:

A

(220 - age) x 0.8

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5
Q

what is the best Stress test to evaluate Myocardial viability?

A

Dobutamine test
Increases HR and Contractility

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6
Q

Strain and Strain Rate Characterize?

A

Wall Deformation

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7
Q

E-point Septal Separation more than 10mm, Indicated:

A

Decreases on Ejection Fraction ( sytolic Dysfunction)

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8
Q

is the speckle tracing angel independent or angel dependent?

A

angel independent

It/s just speckel

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9
Q

Phases of Diastole

A

IVR
Early Rapid Filling
Diastasis
Late diatolic filling caused by atrial contraction

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10
Q

Is the Stress Test Indicated to evalued Diastolic Dysfunction? WHY?

A

Yes, To evaluate E’

In patient with Diastolic Dysfunction the E’ will not increases
In patient with normal Diastolic Function the E’ will Increase

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11
Q

Most common cause of walll motion?

A

CAD (isquemic heart disease)

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12
Q

Septal Flash:

A

Is an inward and then outward motion of the septum during systolic.

Indicates LBBB

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13
Q

Name of the finding and diagnosis?

A

Septal beaking in M-Mode or septal flash in 2D
LBBB

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14
Q

What does represent S1, S2 and AR in pulmonary vein signal?

A

S1: Atrial relaxation (systole Ventricular)
S2: Atrial Relaxation and Beginning of Diastole
AR: Atrial contraction

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15
Q

Premature closer of the Aortic valve, Indicates:

A

Reduced of Stroke Volume (systolic Dy
sfuntion)

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16
Q

Ventricular Syatolic Function and pump performance depends on:

A

Preload
Afterload
Contratility
ventricular Geometric

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17
Q

Stroke Volumen
(concept and Equation)

A

The amount of blood pumped by the heart on a single beat.

SV= EDV -ESV

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18
Q

Primary Tricuspid regurgitation, is called?

A

Low pressure TR

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19
Q

L Wave is suggestive of:

A

Elevated LV Preload
Pseudo-normal Filling. Grade II
Could be normal in patient with Bradycardia

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20
Q

what is the best stress test to evaluate Diastolic Function?

A

Bicycle
Increases Stroke Volume

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21
Q

what is considered Hypertensive responde to exercise?

A

During exercises:
SBP > 220mmg for men
> 190 for women

Diastolic BP > 90

for Dobutamin ST >182 / >96mmhg

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22
Q

Finding in Super natural filling

A

E/A radio > 2
IVR <
High E wave
Healthy patient

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23
Q

How do we calculated Maximun Workload?

A

HR x Systolic Blood Pressure

24
Q

Normal Fractional Shortenning
LVEDD
LVESD
RWT

A

FS <28,5
LVEDD= M <59 W<53
LVESD= M<40 W<35
RWT <0,42

25
Q

What is the cut point to define Hypertensive Response during Dobutamin Stress Echo?

A

SBP> 182mmhg and DBP < 96mmhg

26
Q

Velocity and Displacement Characterize:

A

Wall Motion

27
Q

What is the most common type of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?

A

Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

28
Q

How many signal should you get during Atrial Fibrilation?

A

5 to 10 signal

29
Q

Reduced of Anteroposterior motion of the aortic root, indicates:

A

Reduced Cardiac Output (systolic Dysfunction)

30
Q

For wall motion Score Index, above which numer will be a bad outcome?

A

Anyting above 1 is adnormal, But 1,4 is bad outcome

WMSI= Score of 16 segments divided by 16

31
Q

Is the TAPSE and The DTI on the evaluation of RV systolic function, Angel Dependen?

A

Yes, both are angle depende

32
Q

increases on the E-point will lead to

A

Decreases in the EF

33
Q

Affection of the filling and emptying of the atrial will cause?

A

Decreases in the cardiac output

34
Q

Grades of Diastolic Dysfunction

A

Grade I Impared Relaxation
Grade II Pseudo-Normal Filling
Grade III Restrictive Filling

35
Q

Quantitive evaluation of Systolic Function?

A

Fractional S
EF
Rate of Rise of pressue
MPI

36
Q

How much blood passes From LA to LV during E wave, Diastasis and A wave

A

E wave : 70 - 80%
Diastasis: < 5%
A Wave: 15 - 25%

37
Q

Which of the view will be the only one qhere we can see the Posterios and Anterior leaflet of the TV?

A

RV inflow

38
Q

what is the best way to evalue RV ejection Fraction)

A

3D evaluation

39
Q

How is Atrial Contraction on mitral, pulmonary flow and Mitral Annular movement singal represented:

A

A wave in mitral Signal
A’ in annular movement
AR in pulmonary vein flow

40
Q

During an ischemic cascade which cardiac cicle is afected first?

A

Diastolic function: means decrease in E/A radio

41
Q

The Tricuspid Valve apparatus Consists of:

A

The Tricuspid valve Leaflet
Annulus,
The chordae
Papilary muscle

42
Q

the Hypotension in Dobutamina Stress test could be cause of?

A

Isquemia
Vagal Responde to DOBUTAMINA
Vasodilatation

43
Q

Quantities evaluation of Sytolic Function

A

Race of Rise Of pressure
Miocardial Index
EF

44
Q

What are the causes of Hypotension respond during Stress Test?

A

Three Vessels disease
Left main Stem
Vagal Respond (DST)
Vasodilatation (DST)

45
Q

Strain evaluates what type of deformation?

A

Longitudinal deformation (it is always Negative)p

46
Q

What is the Firts step for evaluation of Diatolic Dysfunction?

A

LV
Systolic Function (Ejection Fraction)

47
Q

Short inward motion starting at the onset of QRS on M-mode:

A

Septal Beaking, Indicates LBBB

48
Q

How to get the Maximun Workload?

A

HR x Systolic BP

49
Q

Diastasis Depends on:

A

Heart Reat.
If the HR is slow the diastasis will be longer
if the HR is faster the diastasis will be shorter

50
Q

how do we calculated the maximun HR?

A
51
Q

Cardiac Output
(Concept and Equation)

A

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per min
CO= SV x HR

52
Q

If contractility Decreases, Stroke Volume:

A

Decreases

53
Q

Rate of Rise Of Pressure. Concept and normal Value

A

Evaluate The contractility
EValuate how fast the Pressure increse whitin the left Ventricle
Uses MR signal
Messuare at 1m/s and 3m/s
dP/dT = GP at 3m/s - GP at 1 m/s
Time
Uses Bernoulli equation for both time 1 and 3
Normal Value >1000mmhg/s
The shortest the time the better

54
Q

During Tachycardia, how can the mitral signal can be improve to appretiate the spectral signals

A

Carotic Sinus massage will lead to separation of the E and A wave

55
Q

How is the pulmonary vein flow signal in Grade III diastolic disfunction?

A

S wave Decrese because there it lees bloor entering the LA due it’s Hight pressure
D wave increases, Since all the bllod goes to the LV during rapid filling
AR is larger and increases because there is more blood going backwards to PV

56
Q

What effects has the Valvalsa Maneuver in the blood flow on the heart?

A

It reduces the venous return to the atrium (Decrease Preload)
It happens in Fase two (4 phases in total)

57
Q

most common cause of thrombus?

A

Dilated Cardiomiopaty

ECHO (4 decks)

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