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1
Q

Defined Dextrorotation?

A

is the same as dextrocardia with the apex pointed to the right side but the heart rotated and now th LV is the most anterior Chamber of the heart

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2
Q

What does CC-TGA means?

A

Congenital corrected Transposition of the great Arteries.

Also called L-Loop

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3
Q

Characteristis of Shone’s Complex

A

-Subavalvular mitral ring or membranate
-Parachute MV
-Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis or membranate
-Coartaction of the Aorta

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4
Q

DX

A

Mitral valve cleft. (partial AVSD)

Part of the valve is Absent. t

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5
Q

DX

A

Mesocardia (the apex is pointed to the central)

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6
Q

Doppler caracterist of Coarctation of Aorta

A

-Increase Peak Velocity in systole and
-Antegrade flow in Diastoly or pandiastolic foward flow
(so flow that keeps going during sistole)

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7
Q

most anterior vale of the heart

A

Pulmonary Valve

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8
Q

DX

A

Pulmonary regurgitation, (no pulmonary valve) the regurgitation star before the pulmonary valve

this is Tetrology of fallot after repair

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9
Q

The IVC and The Ao run together on either side of the spine

A

Right Isomerosis

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10
Q

where do we see Mitral V leaflet Cleff

A

Primun Atrail Deffect
Or by itself

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11
Q

CC-TGA is associated with?

A

Dextrocardia
Complet Heart Block

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12
Q

Name of the Procedure to Correct Single Ventricle Profile?

A

Glenn Operation

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13
Q

Defined true Dextrocardia ?

A

the Heart is in the rigth side and the apex is pointing to the apendice (to the right). The RV is still the most anterios chamber of the heart (as normal)

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14
Q

DX

A

Ostium secundum shunt
Left to Right shunt

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15
Q

What is the most commun VSD?

A

Perimembranosus VSD

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16
Q

What does RAC sing Means?

A

Retroaortic Artery Coronary

Iqual sign =

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17
Q

Defined Dextroposition

A

the heart is in normal position with the apex pointed to the left as normal but the moved to the left or the right

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18
Q

how to calculates Shunt Volume of th ASD/ VSD

A

Shunt V= Qp - Qs

Qp= pulmonary flow
Qs+ systemic Flow

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19
Q

DX

A

PArachute Papilary muscel. you can see just one papilary muscle

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20
Q

What is PDA?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus, conection between aorta and pulmonary arteri. so it is a left ot right shunt

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21
Q

In Both TGA (D-TGA / CC-TGA) the aorta is conected to the RV and the Aorta is Anterior to the Pulmonary

A

True

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22
Q

Complet Heart Block is associted with?

A

cc-TGA / L-loop

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23
Q

DX

A

Perimembranosus septsal deffect

5C, basal is perimembranosus and mind an apical is trabecular

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24
Q

Aorta on the right and IVC on the left?

A

Situs inversus
Mirror image of the atrial
LA is on the right and the RA is on the left

If you see the image remember like a regular echo where is the LV

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25
Q

DX

A

Perimembranosus VSD

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26
Q

Hypopastic left Heart Syndrome . Defined

A

it is a Single Ventricle Heart Deffect where (the left ventricle does not develop porpely)

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27
Q

What is the most congenital lesion associated with Desxtrocardia ?

A

cc-TGA - L-Loop

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28
Q

In D-TGA or D-Loop where is the morfological RV

A

on the right. because the ventricle are located normaly but the Pulmonary and Aorta Artery are Swich

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29
Q

How could it the RV be adentified?

A

Moderated band
The TV is more apical compared with the mv
More trabeculation

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30
Q

How is the pressure gradiant and peak velocity in Valvular regurgitation?

A

LOW..

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31
Q

Most common Coronary Artery Anomalous?

A

CX originated from the RCA

It’s bening is the CX is Retroartic so it passes from the back to the Aorta

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32
Q

there is a Azigos continuation of the IVC located retroperitonela to the Aorta. so you dont see the IVC

A

Left Isomerosis

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33
Q

DX

A

Infracristal deffect (VSD)

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34
Q

DX

A

Dextroposition

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35
Q

Complication of CC-TGA/ L-Loop

A

Systemic Ventricul Dysfunction (because the RV which in this case It is in the Left side is not strong enough to contract properly

Complet Heart Block

Systemic valve is this case TV Regurgitation

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36
Q

Most common Cyanotic Congenital Heart desease?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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37
Q

DX

A

Parachute-LIKE Mitral Valve. you can see in PSAX a big Anterolateral Papilary muscle and really small posterio papilary just beside

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38
Q

what does L looping means

A

Formation of the RV in the left side

Which is abnormal

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39
Q

all the Left to right shunt will lead to LA and LV Volumen overload (dilatation)

A

yes

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40
Q

Where do we see Goose neck

A

AVSD

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41
Q

DX

A

Levocardia( normal heart with the apex pointed to the left)

42
Q

Coarctation of Aorta, Definition

A

it’s an stenosis of the proximal descending Thoracic Aorta

43
Q

What does Restrictve VSD means?

A

Small Defects that allow little or no blood to flow from the LV to RV

This means than RV and PA pressure are lower than the LV

44
Q

Which valve of the heart is most apical

A

TV

45
Q

Primun SD is associated with?

A

Mitral valve Cleff

46
Q

What does D looping Means

A

Formation of the RV in the right side (anatomical RV) which is normal

the RV is in the right side and lv in the left side

D-Loop refers to the ventricles

47
Q

DX

A

Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula

You can see in 2D the Dilatation of the coronary sinus ans the aorta depper in the image

48
Q

DX

A

Supracristal Deffect (VSD)
supracristal is close PV

49
Q

DX

A

Primiun Atrail septal deffect. in the Atrial
and AV canal: Atrail-Ventricualr Canal

50
Q

best view tp evaluated Atrail deffect

A

Subcostal view

51
Q

Atrail Ventricular septal Deffect classification (AVSD)

A

Partial: just the ostium Primiun deffect
complete: Primun ASD = Common Atrial Venricular Valve with 5 leaflets

52
Q

Secundum SD is associated with?

A

Mitral valve Prolapse

53
Q

What is the most anterior chamber of the heart?

A

RV

54
Q

Aorta on the left and IVC on the right? named

A

Situs Solitus

55
Q

Procedure to connect the Venous return direct to the Pulmonary arteri

A

Fontan Proccedure

56
Q

Complication after tetrology of fallot repair?

A

The pulmonary Regurgitation (most common)
Arritmias
RV enlargment
RBBB

57
Q

DX

A

Ventricular Aneurysms

58
Q

Name of this anomaly and explain

A

D-TGA or D loop.
The LV and RV are in a normal location but the PA is conected to the LV and the Ao is connected to the RV. so the grear Arteries are parallel to each other
In D-TGA the aorta is anterior to the Pulmonary

Morfologycal RV is on the Right

59
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot is asociated with

A

Coronary Arteries Anomalies

LDA originated from the RCA

60
Q

Where can we see RBBB?

A

Tetralogy of Fallor after Rapier

61
Q

Shone’s Variants or imcomplet shone’s syndrome

A

When 2 or 3 left side congenital obstruction are present
eje. Bicuspid valve
Coartation of AOrta
MV parachute

62
Q

Name of the congenital Desease where there is two RA?

A

Right Isomerism

63
Q

When Rastelli Repair is Perfomed?

A

It’s performe in D-TGA in convination con VSD

64
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot characteristis

A

VSD
Aorta Overriding (on top of the VSD)
RVOT Obstruction (PVS, Subvalvular or Supravalvular Pulmonary stenosis)
RV hypertrophy (which is secundary to the PVS)

65
Q

what evaluated situs in The sequentil segment Analysys

A

confirm is the Atrial on the left side is the Left Atrial

66
Q

Types of VSD (ventricular Septal Deffect)

A

Perimembranous VDS
Outlet VSF (close to RVOT)
Inlet VSD (close to RVIT)
Muscular or trabicular VSD

67
Q

AST
VST
PDA

A

Atrial septal defect
ventricualr septal defect
patant ductus arteriosus

68
Q

Calculated the RVSP from VSD

A

take the systole aortic pressure if there is not AV stenosis minus the GP of the VSD

GP=P1-P2
P2=GP-P1

RVSP=LVSP- 4(GP)2

69
Q

DX

A

Ebstein Anomaly. will lead to TV Regurgitation

70
Q

DX

A

RAC sing. LCA traveling Posterior to the Arotic root. Anomalous Coronary Artery

71
Q

Eisenmerger Syndrome Triad consist on:

A

1) Systemic to pulmonary congenital cardiovascular deffect (right to left shunt)

2)Pulmoary Artery Disease (PHT)

3) Cyanosis

72
Q

Explain Differential Cyanosis?

A

it occusr because, is the PDA is distal to the left subclavian Artery the Deaxygenated blood is gonna go to the low extremities. so the patien is goin to have low extremitis blue and upper extremities normal.
If the PDA is before the left subclavian artery the patient is gonna have all the extremities blue

73
Q

Name of the congenital Desease where there is two LA?

A

Left Isomerism

74
Q

DX

A

Dextrorotation or dextroversion

75
Q

which VSD is most associated with Aortic Regurgitation

A

Outlet deffect
is divided in supracristal and infracristal

76
Q

DX

A

PDA, best view to evaluated it, short axis view

77
Q

DX

A

Cor Triatrium on the LA
It divides the LA in two and if its in the RA is called Cor Triatium Dexter

78
Q

Sequential Segmental analysis consist on:

A

Situs confirm is the Atrial on the left side is the Left Atrial

Position; confirm Apex Direction

Atrioventricular Connections: confirm is the ventricle on the right side is really the RV

Ventriculararterial Coonection: Great Vessel Relationship

79
Q

DX

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

tou can see the VSD and the overriding of the Aorta

80
Q

Surgical Prosedure, where the PA and Aorta are Transected and reconected to the Correct Ventricle?
Name of the Proccedure and The Desease to correct?

A

Arterial Switch and to correct D-Loop / D-TGA

81
Q

Which Great Artery is anterior, Aorta o pulmonary?

A

Pulmonary Artery is anterior to the aorta and perpendicular or Ortogonal to the aorta

82
Q

DX

A

Muscular o trabecular septal Deffect

83
Q

When the Fontan Proccedure is use?

A

when ther is just on functional ventricle. Eje. Tricuspid Atresia

84
Q

Most common congenital hear desease ?

A

VSD

85
Q

most posterior chamber of the heart

A

LA

86
Q

Waht does TGA means

A

Transposition of the great Arteries

87
Q

DX

A

Complete AVSD, primun + common valve for AV

88
Q

Shone’s Complex

A

It’s a obstruction on the left heart.
it has 4 affections
-Subavalvular mitral ring or membranate
-PArachute MV
-Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis
-Coartaction of the Aorta

89
Q

MV cleff is Asocciated with

A

Mitral regurgitation

MV cleff it could be by itself or with AS primun deffect

90
Q

Gerbode Deffect

A

LV to RA deffect. flow goes from RV to RA

91
Q

Partial Anomalous pulmonary venous return is associated with?

A

Sinus Venousus

92
Q

DX

A

Doble orifice mitral valve. (congenital mitral Valve)

93
Q

In VSD which chambers are Dilated.? taking in considetation that VSD is a LEFT to Right shunt in Systolic

A

LA and LV are dilated
because the shunt happens is systole so the blood is going from LV to RV during contraction of both Ventricules so the blood enterinjg the RV is expell right away

94
Q

DX

A

Destrocardia. the paex pointed to the right

95
Q

What does Concordance means?

A

RA is conected to the RV and LA is connected to the LV

96
Q

What Bleb sing means?

A

Thsi is the CX originated from the RCA

97
Q

DX

A

Perimembranosus or out deffect
VSD

98
Q

Name of this anomaly and explain it?

A

CC-TGA or L-Loop

The LV and RV are inverted so LV is on the Right and RV is on the left

The aorta is anterior to the Pulmonary Artery and they are Parallet to each other

Morfological RV on the Left

99
Q

Surgical Procedure, where an interatrail Buffle directs systemic venous return to the anatomy LV, and pulmonary venous return to the Anatomy RV? and name of the Desease

A

Mustard or Atrail Switch to Correct
D-TGA / D-Loop

100
Q

DX

A

Dextrocardia or mirror image

101
Q

Single Ventricle Heart Deffect Classification?

A

Hypopastic left Heart Syndrome (the left ventricle does not develop porpely)
Tricuspid Atresia; The TV is abnormal or it’s not at all

102
Q

In CC-TGA or L-Loop. where is the Morfological RV

A

On the left

ECHO (4 decks)

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